Nitrosation and nitrosylation

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Nitrosation and nitrosylation are two names for the process of converting organic compounds or metal complexes^[1] into nitroso derivatives, i.e., compounds containing the R−NO functionality. The synonymy arises because the R-NO functionality can be interpreted two different ways, depending on the physico-chemical environment:

• Nitrosylation interprets the process as adding a nitrosyl radical NO^•. Nitrosylation commonly occurs in the context of a metal (e.g. iron) or a thiol, leading to nitrosyl iron Fe−NO (e.g., in nitrosylated heme = nitrosylheme) or S-nitrosothiols (RSNOs).
• Nitrosation interprets the process as adding a nitrosonium ion NO⁺. Nitrosation commonly occurs with amines (–NH₂), leading to a nitrosamine.

There are multiple chemical mechanisms by which this can be achieved, including enzymes and chemical synthesis.