Nitrosomonas

Nitrosomonas
N. eutropha
Scientific classification Edit this classification
Domain: Bacteria
Phylum: Pseudomonadota
Class: Betaproteobacteria
Order: Spirillales
Family: Nitrosomonadaceae
Genus: Nitrosomonas
Winogradsky, 1892[1]
Type species
Nitrosomonas europaea
Species[7]

Nitrosomonas is a genus of Gram-negative bacteria, belonging to the Betaproteobacteria. It is one of the five genera of ammonia-oxidizing bacteria[8] and, as an obligate chemolithoautotroph,[9] uses ammonia () as an energy source and carbon dioxide () as a carbon source in presence of oxygen. Nitrosomonas are important in the global biogeochemical nitrogen cycle,[10] since they increase the bioavailability of nitrogen to plants and in the denitrification, which is important for the release of nitrous oxide, a powerful greenhouse gas.[11] This microbe is photophobic, and usually generate a biofilm matrix, or form clumps with other microbes, to avoid light.[12] Nitrosomonas can be divided into six lineages: the first one includes the species Nitrosomonas europea, Nitrosomonas eutropha, Nitrosomonas halophila, and Nitrosomonas mobilis. The second lineage presents the species Nitrosomonas communis, N. sp. I and N. sp. II, meanwhile the third lineage includes only Nitrosomonas nitrosa. The fourth lineage includes the species Nitrosomonas ureae and Nitrosomonas oligotropha and the fifth and sixth lineages include the species Nitrosomonas marina, N. sp. III, Nitrosomonas estuarii and Nitrosomonas cryotolerans.[13]

  1. ^ Winogradsky S. Contributions à la morphologie des organismes de la nitrification. Arkhiv Biologicheskikh Nauk (St. Petersbourg) 1892; 1:87–137.
  2. ^ Koops, H. P.; B?her, B.; M?r, U. C.; Pommerening-R?, A.; Stehr, G. (17 June 1991). "Classification of eight new species of ammonia-oxidizing bacteria: Nitrosomonas communis sp. nov., Nitrosomonas ureae sp. nov., Nitrosomonas aestuarii sp. nov., Nitrosomonas marina sp. nov., Nitrosomonas nitrosa sp. nov., Nitrosomonas eutropha sp. nov., Nitrosomonas oligotropha sp. nov. and Nitrosomonas halophila sp. nov". Microbiology. 137 (7): 1689–1699. doi:10.1099/00221287-137-7-1689.
  3. ^ Jones, Ronald D.; Morita, Richard Y.; Koops, Hans-Peter; Watson, Stanley W. (1 October 1988). "A new marine ammonium-oxidizing bacterium, Nitrosomonas cryotolerans sp. nov". Canadian Journal of Microbiology. 34 (10): 1122–1128. doi:10.1139/m88-198. Retrieved 17 June 2024 – via CrossRef.
  4. ^ Garrity GM, Bell JA, Lilburn TG. Taxonomic Outline of the Procaryotes. Bergey's Manual of Systematic Bacteriology, Second Edition, Release 4.0. Springer-Verlag, New York, 2003.
  5. ^ Nakagawa, Tatsunori; Takahashi, Reiji (2015). "Nitrosomonas stercoris sp. nov., a Chemoautotrophic Ammonia-Oxidizing Bacterium Tolerant of High Ammonium Isolated from Composted Cattle Manure". Microbes and Environments. 30 (3): 221–7. doi:10.1264/jsme2.ME15072. PMC 4567560. PMID 26156554.
  6. ^ Urakawa, Hidetoshi; Andrews, Gabrianna A.; Lopez, Jose V.; Martens-Habbena, Willm; Klotz, Martin G.; Stahl, David A. (17 August 2022). "Nitrosomonas supralitoralis sp. nov., an ammonia-oxidizing bacterium from beach sand in a supralittoral zone". Archives of Microbiology. 204 (9): 560. Bibcode:2022ArMic.204..560U. doi:10.1007/s00203-022-03173-5. PMID 35978059. Archived from the original on 9 February 2023. Retrieved 17 June 2024 – via PubMed.
  7. ^ "Genus: Nitrosomonas". www.bacterio.net. Archived from the original on 5 June 2024. Retrieved 17 June 2024.
  8. ^ Koops, H. P.; Böttcher, B.; Möller, U. C.; Pommerening-Röser, A.; Stehr, G. (1991). "Classification of eight new species of ammonia-oxidizing bacteria: Nitrosomonas communis sp. nov., Nitrosomonas ureae sp. nov., Nitrosomonas aestuarii sp. nov., Nitrosomonas marina sp. nov., Nitrosomonas nitrosa sp. nov., Nitrosomonas eutropha sp. nov., Nitrosomonas oligotropha sp. nov. and Nitrosomonas halophila sp. nov". Microbiology. 137 (7): 1689–1699. doi:10.1099/00221287-137-7-1689. ISSN 1350-0872.
  9. ^ Cherif-Zahar, Baya; Durand, Anne; Schmidt, Ingo; Hamdaoui, Nabila; Matic, Ivan; Merrick, Mike; Matassi, Giorgio (15 December 2007). "Evolution and Functional Characterization of the RH50 Gene from the Ammonia-Oxidizing Bacterium Nitrosomonas europaea". Journal of Bacteriology. 189 (24): 9090–9100. doi:10.1128/JB.01089-07. ISSN 0021-9193. PMC 2168606. PMID 17921289.
  10. ^ "Nitrosomonas - microbewiki". microbewiki.kenyon.edu. Archived from the original on 19 December 2023. Retrieved 17 June 2024.
  11. ^ Arp, Daniel J.; Chain, Patrick S.G.; Klotz, Martin G. (October 2007). "The Impact of Genome Analyses on Our Understanding of Ammonia-Oxidizing Bacteria". Annual Review of Microbiology. 61 (1): 503–528. doi:10.1146/annurev.micro.61.080706.093449. ISSN 0066-4227. PMID 17506671. Archived from the original on 25 May 2021. Retrieved 15 December 2020.
  12. ^ "Nitrosomonas europaea ATCC 19718 – Home". 3 July 2009. Archived from the original on 3 July 2009. Retrieved 26 November 2020.
  13. ^ Soliman, Moomen; Eldyasti, Ahmed (June 2018). "Ammonia-Oxidizing Bacteria (AOB): opportunities and applications—a review". Reviews in Environmental Science and Bio/Technology. 17 (2): 285–321. Bibcode:2018RESBT..17..285S. doi:10.1007/s11157-018-9463-4. ISSN 1569-1705. S2CID 90350069.