Nitrospira

Not to be confused with Nitrospina bacteria.

Nitrospira
Scientific classification Edit this classification
Domain: Bacteria
Phylum: Nitrospirota
Class: Nitrospira
Order: Nitrospirales
Family: Nitrospiraceae
Genus: Nitrospira
Watson et al. 1986
Type species
Nitrospira marina
Watson et al. 1986
Species

See text

Nitrospira (from Latin: nitro, meaning "nitrate" and Greek: spira, meaning "spiral") translate into “a nitrate spiral” is a genus of bacteria within the monophyletic clade[1] of the Nitrospirota phylum. The first member of this genus was described 1986 by Watson et al., isolated from the Gulf of Maine. The bacterium was named Nitrospira marina.[2] Populations were initially thought to be limited to marine ecosystems, but it was later discovered to be well-suited for numerous habitats, including activated sludge of wastewater treatment systems,[3] natural biological marine settings (such as the Seine River in France[4] and beaches in Cape Cod[5]), water circulation biofilters in aquarium tanks,[4] terrestrial systems,[5] fresh and salt water ecosystems, agricultural lands [6]and hot springs.[7] Nitrospira is a ubiquitous bacterium that plays a role in the nitrogen cycle[8] by performing nitrite oxidation in the second step of nitrification.[7] Nitrospira live in a wide array of environments including but not limited to, drinking water systems, waste treatment plants, rice paddies, forest soils, geothermal springs, and sponge tissue.[9] Despite being abundant in many natural and engineered ecosystems Nitrospira are difficult to culture, so most knowledge of them is from molecular and genomic data.[10] However, due to their difficulty to be cultivated in laboratory settings, the entire genome was only sequenced in one species, Nitrospira defluvii.[11] In addition, Nitrospira bacteria's 16S rRNA sequences are too dissimilar to use for PCR primers, thus some members go unnoticed.[10] In addition, members of Nitrospira with the capabilities to perform complete nitrification (comammox bacteria) has also been discovered[9][12] and cultivated.[13]

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  2. ^ Stanley W. Watson, Eberhard Bock, Frederica W. Valois, John B. Waterbury, Ursula Schlosser (1986). "Nitrospira marina gen. nov. sp. nov.: a chemolithotrophic nitrite-oxidizing bacterium". Arch Microbiol. 144 (1): 1–7. Bibcode:1986ArMic.144....1W. doi:10.1007/BF00454947. S2CID 29796511.
  3. ^ Wagner M, Loy A, Nogueira R, Purkhold U, Lee N, Daims H (2002). "Microbial community composition and function in wastewater treatment plants". Antonie van Leeuwenhoek. 81 (1/4): 665–680. doi:10.1023/A:1020586312170. hdl:1822/1616. PMID 12448762. S2CID 21315850.
  4. ^ a b Hovanec TA, Taylor LT, Blakis A, Delong EF (1998). "Nitrospira-Like Bacteria Associated with Nitrite Oxidation in Freshwater Aquaria". Applied and Environmental Microbiology. 64 (1): 258–264. Bibcode:1998ApEnM..64..258H. doi:10.1128/AEM.64.1.258-264.1998. ISSN 0099-2240. PMC 124703. PMID 16349486.
  5. ^ a b Watson SW, Bock E, Valois FW, Waterbury JB, Schlosser U (February 1986). "Nitrospira marina gen. nov. sp. nov.: a chemolithotrophic nitrite-oxidizing bacterium". Archives of Microbiology. 144 (1): 1–7. Bibcode:1986ArMic.144....1W. doi:10.1007/BF00454947. S2CID 29796511.
  6. ^ Shopina OV, Bondar AI, Tikhonova EV, Titovets AV, Semenkov IN (2024-10-01). "The soil bacterial communities show resilience in composition and function for 30 years of pine self-reforestation on agricultural lands in Western Russia". Applied Soil Ecology. 202: 105570. doi:10.1016/j.apsoil.2024.105570. ISSN 0929-1393.
  7. ^ a b Koch H, Lücker S, Albertsen M, Kitzinger K, Herbold C, Spieck E, Nielsen PH, Wagner M, Daims H (8 September 2015). "Expanded metabolic versatility of ubiquitous nitrite-oxidizing bacteria from the genus". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. 112 (36): 11371–11376. Bibcode:2015PNAS..11211371K. doi:10.1073/pnas.1506533112. PMC 4568715. PMID 26305944.
  8. ^ Lucker S, Wagner M, Maixner F, Pelletier E, Koch H, Vacherie B, Rattei T, Damste JS, Spieck E, Le Paslier D, Daims H (12 July 2010). "A Nitrospira metagenome illuminates the physiology and evolution of globally important nitrite-oxidizing bacteria". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. 107 (30): 13479–13484. Bibcode:2010PNAS..10713479L. doi:10.1073/pnas.1003860107. PMC 2922143. PMID 20624973.
  9. ^ a b van Kessel MA, Speth DR, Albertsen M, Nielsen PH, Camp HJ, Kartal B, Jetten MS, Lücker S (2015). "Complete nitrification by a single microorganism". Nature. 528 (7583): 555–9. Bibcode:2015Natur.528..555V. doi:10.1038/nature16459. PMC 4878690. PMID 26610025.
  10. ^ a b Pester M, Maixner F, Berry D, Rattei T, Koch H, Lücker S, Nowka B, Richter A, Spieck E (2014-10-01). "NxrB encoding the beta subunit of nitrite oxidoreductase as functional and phylogenetic marker for nitrite-oxidizing Nitrospira". Environmental Microbiology. 16 (10): 3055–3071. Bibcode:2014EnvMi..16.3055P. doi:10.1111/1462-2920.12300. ISSN 1462-2920. PMID 24118804.
  11. ^ Lucker S, Wagner M, Maixner F, Pelletier E, Koch H, Vacherie B, Rattei T, Damste JS, Spieck E, Le Paslier D, Daims H (12 July 2010). "A Nitrospira metagenome illuminates the physiology and evolution of globally important nitrite-oxidizing bacteria". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. 107 (30): 13479–13484. Bibcode:2010PNAS..10713479L. doi:10.1073/pnas.1003860107. PMC 2922143. PMID 20624973.
  12. ^ Daims H, Lebedeva EV, Pjevac P, Han P, Herbold C, Albertsen M, Jehmlich N, Palatinszky M, Vierheilig J (2015). "Complete nitrification by Nitrospira bacteria". Nature. 528 (7583): 504–9. Bibcode:2015Natur.528..504D. doi:10.1038/nature16461. PMC 5152751. PMID 26610024.
  13. ^ Kits KD, Sedlacek CJ, Lebedeva EV, Han P, Bulaev A, Pjevac P, Daebeler A, Romano S, Albertsen M, Stein LY, Daims H (September 2017). "Kinetic analysis of a complete nitrifier reveals an oligotrophic lifestyle". Nature. 549 (7671): 269–272. Bibcode:2017Natur.549..269K. doi:10.1038/nature23679. ISSN 1476-4687. PMC 5600814. PMID 28847001.