Nobel Prize

Nobel Prize
A golden medallion with an embossed image of Alfred Nobel facing left in profile. To the left of the man is the text "ALFR•" then "NOBEL", and on the right, the text (smaller) "NAT•" then "MDCCCXXXIII" above, followed by (smaller) "OB•" then "MDCCCXCVI" below.
The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine awarded in 1950 to researchers at the Mayo Clinic in Rochester, Minnesota
Awarded forContributions that have conferred the greatest benefit to humankind in the areas of Physics, Chemistry, Physiology or Medicine, Literature, Economics and Peace.
Country
  • Sweden (all prizes except the Peace Prize)
  • Norway (Peace Prize only)
Presented by
Reward(s)A gold-plated green gold medal, a diploma, and a monetary award of 11 million SEK[2][3]
First awarded10 December 1901; 122 years ago (1901-12-10)
Number of laureates621 prizes to 992 laureates (as of 2024)[2]
Websitenobelprize.org

The Nobel Prizes (/noʊˈbɛl/ noh-BEL; Swedish: Nobelpriset [nʊˈbɛ̂lːˌpriːsɛt]; Norwegian: Nobelprisen [nʊˈbɛ̀lːˌpriːsn̩]) are five separate prizes awarded to those who, during the preceding year, have conferred the greatest benefit to humankind, as established by the 1895 will of Swedish chemist, engineer, and industrialist Alfred Nobel, in the year before he died. Prizes were first awarded in 1901 by the Nobel Foundation.[2] Nobel's will indicated that the awards should be granted in the fields of Physics, Chemistry, Physiology or Medicine, Literature, and Peace. A sixth prize for Economic Sciences, endowed by Sweden's central bank, Sveriges Riksbank, and first presented in 1969, is also frequently included, as it is also administered by the Nobel Foundation.[2][4][5] The Nobel Prizes are widely regarded as the most prestigious awards available in their respective fields.[6][7]

The prize ceremonies take place annually. Each recipient, known as a laureate, receives a green gold medal plated with 24 karat gold, a diploma, and a monetary award. As of 2023, the Nobel Prize monetary award is 11,000,000 kr, amounting to approximately US$1,035,000.[3] A prize may not be shared among more than three individuals, although the Nobel Peace Prize can be awarded to organisations of more than three people.[8] Nobel Prizes are not awarded posthumously, but if a person is awarded a prize and dies before receiving it, the prize is presented.[9]

The Nobel Prizes, beginning in 1901, and the Nobel Memorial Prize in Economic Sciences, beginning in 1969, have been awarded 609 times to 975 people and 25 organisations. Five individuals and two organisations have received more than one Nobel Prize.[10]

  1. ^ "The Sveriges Riksbank Prize in Economic Sciences in Memory of Alfred Nobel". Nobel Prize. Archived from the original on 5 December 2018. Retrieved 4 October 2021.
  2. ^ a b c d "Alfred Nobel's will". Nobel Prize. Nobel Foundation. 6 September 2019. Archived from the original on 27 June 2020. Retrieved 8 December 2020.
  3. ^ a b "The Nobel Prize amounts". The Nobel Prize. Archived from the original on 20 July 2018. Retrieved 29 September 2023.
  4. ^ "All Nobel Prizes". The Nobel Foundation. Archived from the original on 15 June 2020. Retrieved 6 October 2022.
  5. ^ "Nomination and selection of Laureates in Economic Sciences". Archived from the original on 10 May 2020. Retrieved 25 June 2018.
  6. ^ "Top Award, ShanghaiRanking Academic Excellence Survey" (PDF). IREG Observatory on Academic Ranking and Excellence. Archived from the original on 12 March 2019. Retrieved 29 March 2018.[clarification needed]
  7. ^ Shalev, p. 8.
  8. ^ Schmidhuber, Jürgen (2010). "Evolution of National Nobel Prize Shares in the 20th century". Archived from the original on 27 March 2014. Retrieved 9 October 2010.
  9. ^ "Montreal-born doctor gets posthumous Nobel honour". CBC News. 3 October 2011. Archived from the original on 6 February 2013. Retrieved 3 October 2011.
  10. ^ Multiple Nobel Laureates Archived 6 November 2018 at the Wayback Machine. Nobel Foundation. Retrieved 8 December 2020.