Non-pharmacological intervention

This article is about the general concept. For use in epidemics, such as the COVID-19 pandemic, see Non-pharmacological intervention (epidemiology).

non-pharmacological intervention (NPI) is any type of healthcare intervention which is not primarily based on medication. Some examples include exercise,[1] sleep improvement,[2] and dietary habits.[3]

Non-pharmacological interventions may be intended to prevent or treat (ameliorate or cure) diseases or other health-related conditions, or to improve public health. They can be educational and may involve a variety of lifestyle or environmental changes.[4] Complex or multicomponent interventions use multiple strategies,[5] and they often involve the participation of several types of care providers.[6]

Non-pharmacological interventions can call on various fields of expertise, such as surgery, medical devices, rehabilitation, psychotherapy, and behavioral interventions.[6]

  1. ^ Hilfiker, Roger; Meichtry, Andre; Eicher, Manuela; Nilsson Balfe, Lina; Knols, Ruud H.; Verra, Martin L.; Taeymans, Jan (2018). "Exercise and other non-pharmaceutical interventions for cancer-related fatigue in patients during or after cancer treatment: a systematic review incorporating an indirect-comparisons meta-analysis". British Journal of Sports Medicine. 52 (10): 651–658. doi:10.1136/bjsports-2016-096422. ISSN 1473-0480. PMC 5931245. PMID 28501804.
  2. ^ Zoremba, N.; Coburn, M.; Schälte, G. (2018). "[Delirium in intensive care patients: A multiprofessional challenge]". Der Anaesthesist. 67 (11): 811–820. doi:10.1007/s00101-018-0497-3. ISSN 1432-055X. PMID 30298270.
  3. ^ McKennon, Skye A. (2000), Feingold, Kenneth R.; Anawalt, Bradley; Boyce, Alison; Chrousos, George (eds.), "Non-Pharmaceutical Intervention Options For Type 2 Diabetes: Diets And Dietary Supplements (Botanicals, Antioxidants, and Minerals)", Endotext, South Dartmouth (MA): MDText.com, Inc., PMID 25905290, retrieved 2020-11-24
  4. ^ Abraha I, Rimland JM, Trotta FM, et al. (2017). "Systematic review of systematic reviews of non-pharmacological interventions to treat behavioural disturbances in older patients with dementia. The SENATOR-OnTop series". BMJ Open. 7 (3): e012759. doi:10.1136/bmjopen-2016-012759. PMC 5372076. PMID 28302633.
  5. ^ Boutron I, Ravaud P (2012). "Introduction". In Boutron I, Ravaud P, Moher D (eds.). Randomized clinical trials of nonpharmacological treatments. Boca Raton: CRC Press. pp. xi–xii. ISBN 9781420088021.
  6. ^ a b Boutron I, Altman DG, Moher D, Schulz KF, Ravaud P (2017). "CONSORT Statement for Randomized Trials of Nonpharmacologic Treatments: A 2017 Update and a CONSORT Extension for Nonpharmacologic Trial Abstracts". Annals of Internal Medicine. 167 (1): 40–47. doi:10.7326/M17-0046. PMID 28630973.