 Anna Haag in the women's 10 km classic race at the 2011 FIS Nordic World Ski Championships in Oslo, Norway. | |
| Characteristics | |
|---|---|
| Type | outdoors |
| Equipment | skis, skipoles |
| Presence | |
| Olympic | 1924 – present |
| Paralympic | 1976 – present |
Nordic skiing encompasses the various types of skiing in which the toe of the ski boot is fixed to the binding in a manner that allows the heel to rise off the ski,[1] unlike alpine skiing, where the boot is attached to the ski from toe to heel. Recreational disciplines include cross-country skiing and Telemark skiing.
Olympic events are competitive cross-country skiing, ski jumping and Nordic combined — an event combining cross-country skiing and ski jumping. The FIS Nordic World Ski Championships host these sports every odd-numbered year,[2] but there are also separate championships in other events, such as Telemark skiing[3] and ski flying. Biathlon combines cross-country skiing and rifle shooting, but is not included as a Nordic discipline under the rules of the International Ski Federation (FIS). Instead, it comes under the jurisdiction of the International Biathlon Union.[4]
The biomechanics of competitive cross-country skiing and ski jumping have been the subject of serious study. Cross-country skiing requires strength and endurance and ski jumping requires aerodynamic efficiency, both of which requirements translate into specific skills[5] to be optimized in training and competition.[6]
- ^
Crego, Robert (2003). Sports and Games of the 18th and 19th Centuries. Sports and games through history. Greenwood Publishing Group. pp. 274. ISBN 9780313316104.
Nordic skiing definition.
- ^
"Rules for the Organization of FIS World Championships" (PDF). fis-ski.com. International Ski Federation. 2015. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2016-11-09. Retrieved 2016-11-08.
The FIS World Championships in the Alpine, Nordic, Freestyle Skiing and Snowboard events are organised every uneven year.
- ^ "The International Ski Competition Rules (ICR)—Joint Regulations for Telemark" (PDF). fis-ski.com. International Ski Federation. 2016. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2016-11-09. Retrieved 2016-11-08.
- ^ Müller, Erich, ed. (2012). Science and Nordic Skiing V. Vol. 5. Meyer & Meyer Verlag. p. 700. ISBN 9781841263533.
- ^ Linnamo, Vesa, ed. (2007). Science and Nordic Skiing. Meyer & Meyer Verlag. p. 304. ISBN 9781841262291.
- ^ Prokop, Dave, ed. (1975). Training for Nordic Skiing. World Publications. p. 95. ISBN 9780890370520.