Norfolk Island

For Norfolk Island in Ecuador, see Santa Cruz Island. 'NFK' redirects here. For other uses, see NFK (disambiguation).

Norfolk Island
External territory
Territory of Norfolk Island
Teratri a' Norf'k Ailen (Pitcairn-Norfolk)[1]
Flag of Norfolk Island
Flag
Official seal of Norfolk Island
Coat of arms
Motto: 
"Inasmuch"[2]
Anthem: "Advance Australia Fair"
Territorial anthems: "Come Ye Blessed"
"God Save the King"
Location of Norfolk Island
Location of Norfolk Island
Sovereign stateAustralia
Separation from Tasmania1 November 1856
Transfer to Australia1 July 1914
Named forMary Howard, Duchess of Norfolk
CapitalKingston
29°03′22″S 167°57′40″E / 29.056°S 167.961°E / -29.056; 167.961
Largest townBurnt Pine
Official languages
Ethnic groups
(2016)
Religion
Demonym(s)Norfolk Islander[6]
GovernmentDirectly administered dependency
• Monarch
Charles III
Sam Mostyn
George Plant
Parliament of Australia
• Senate
represented by ACT senators (since 2016)
• House of Representatives
included in the Division of Bean (since 2018)
Area
• Total
34.6 km2 (13.4 sq mi)
• Water (%)
negligible
Highest elevation
319 m (1,047 ft)
Population
• 2021 census
2,188[7] (not ranked)
• Density
61.9/km2 (160.3/sq mi) (not ranked)
GDP (nominal)2016 estimate
• Total
US$60,209,320[8]
CurrencyAustralian dollar (AU$) (AUD)
Time zoneUTC+11:00 (NFT)
 • Summer (DST)
UTC+12:00 (NFDT)
Driving sideleft
Calling code+672
Postcode
NSW 2899
ISO 3166 codeNF
Internet TLD.nf

Norfolk Island (/ˈnɔːrfək/ NOR-fək, locally /ˈnɔːrfoʊk/ NOR-fohk;[9] Norfuk: Norf'k Ailen[10]) is an external territory of Australia located in the Pacific Ocean between New Zealand and New Caledonia, approximately 1,412 kilometres (877 mi) east of Australia's Evans Head and about 900 kilometres (560 mi) from Lord Howe Island. Together with the neighbouring Phillip Island and Nepean Island, the three islands collectively form the Territory of Norfolk Island.[11] At the 2021 census, it had 2,188 inhabitants living on a total land area of about 35 km2 (14 sq mi).[7] Its capital and administrative seat is Kingston, while its main town and largest settlement is Burnt Pine.

Map
Norfolk Island is the main island in a group comprising the Australian external territory of Norfolk Island, situated in the Pacific Ocean between Australia and New Zealand approximately 692 km (430 mi) south of New Caledonia.

East Polynesians were the first to settle Norfolk Island, but they had already departed when Great Britain settled it as part of its 1788 colonisation of Australia. The island served as a convict penal settlement from 6 March 1788 until 5 May 1855, except for an 11-year hiatus between 15 February 1814 and 6 June 1825,[12][13] when it lay abandoned. On 8 June 1856, permanent civilian residence on the island began when descendants of the Bounty mutineers were relocated from Pitcairn Island. In 1914, the UK handed Norfolk Island over to Australia to administer as an external territory.[14]

Native to the island, the evergreen Norfolk Island pine is a symbol of the island and is pictured on its flag. The pine is a key export for Norfolk Island, being a popular ornamental tree in Australia (where two related species grow), and also worldwide.

  1. ^ Buffett, Alice, An Encyclopædia of the Norfolk Island Language, 1999
  2. ^ "The Legislative Assembly of Norfolk Island". Archived from the original on 18 December 2014. Retrieved 18 October 2014.
  3. ^ "Norfolk Island Language (Norf'k) Act 2004". Archived from the original on 25 July 2008. Retrieved 6 February 2018.
  4. ^ 2016 Census QuickStats Archived 2 October 2017 at the Wayback Machine – Norfolk Island – Ancestry, top responses
  5. ^ "2021 Norfolk Island, Census All persons QuickStats | Australian Bureau of Statistics". Archived from the original on 1 November 2022. Retrieved 4 March 2023.
  6. ^ "Norfolk Island". The World Factbook. Central Intelligence Agency. 16 October 2012. Archived from the original on 18 January 2021. Retrieved 27 October 2012.
  7. ^ a b Australian Bureau of Statistics (28 June 2022). "Norfolk Island (Suburbs and Localities)". 2021 Census QuickStats. Retrieved 7 July 2022. Edit this at Wikidata
  8. ^ KPMG (2019). Monitoring the Norfolk Island Economy (PDF). Norfolk Islands: Department of Infrastructure, Transport, Cities and Regional Development. p. 4. Archived (PDF) from the original on 9 August 2021. Retrieved 9 August 2021.
  9. ^ Wells, John C. (2008). Longman Pronunciation Dictionary (3rd ed.). Longman. ISBN 978-1-4058-8118-0.
  10. ^ "NI Arrival Card" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 13 November 2011. Retrieved 28 March 2013.
  11. ^ "Norfolk Island Act 1979". Federal Register of Legislation. 23 May 2018. Archived from the original on 16 July 2019. Retrieved 17 July 2019. Schedule 1.
  12. ^ "History and Culture on Norfolk Island". Archived from the original on 12 July 2012. Retrieved 15 September 2016.
  13. ^ "Norfolk Island: A Short History". Archived from the original on 7 March 2016.
  14. ^ Cite error: The named reference Roberts-Wray was invoked but never defined (see the help page).