Numu/Numa | |
|---|---|
 Traditional lands of the Northern Paiute | |
| Regions with significant populations | |
 United States (  California,  Nevada and  Oregon) | |
| Languages | |
| Northern Paiute | |
| Religion | |
| Traditional, Christianity | |
| Related ethnic groups | |
| Bannock and Mono |
The Northern Paiute people are a Numic people that has traditionally lived in the Great Basin region of the United States in what is now eastern California, western Nevada, and southeast Oregon. The Northern Paiute pre-contact lifestyle was well adapted to the harsh desert environment in which they lived. Each tribe or band occupied a specific territory, generally centered on a lake or wetland that supplied fish and waterfowl. Communal hunt drives, which often involved neighboring bands, would take rabbits and pronghorn from surrounding areas. Individuals and families appear to have moved freely among the bands.
Northern Paiute originally lived a seminomadic[1] lifestyle, moving from place to place following animal migration patterns and seasonal foods.[2] They lived in small, independent groups that consisted of a handful or so of different family units.[2] Upon arrival of foreigners into western Nevada, the Northern Paiute became sedentary in order to protect themselves and handle negotiations with the new settlers. Because of their change from a nomadic to a sedentary lifestyle, women were relied upon more heavily for both their full-time employment and at-home work.[3] In some modern Northern Paiute tribes, men work in "seasonal jobs on the ranches, in the mines, and as caretakers in the nearby motels" and women work "in the laundry, the bakery, in homes and motels as domestics, and in the country hospital".[3]
They gathered Pinyon nuts in the mountains in the fall as a critical winter food source. Women also gathered grass seeds and roots as important parts of their diet. The name of each band was derived from a characteristic food source. For example, the people at Pyramid Lake were known as the Cui Ui Ticutta (meaning "Cui-ui eaters", or trout eaters). The people of the Lovelock area were known as the Koop Ticutta, meaning "ground-squirrel eaters" and the people of the Carson Sink were known as the Toi Ticutta meaning "tule eaters". The Kucadikadi of Mono County, California are the "brine fly eaters".
- ^ Fowler, Catherine S.; Liljeblad, Sven (1986). "Northern Paiute". In D'Azevedo, Warren L. (ed.). Handbook of North American Indians. Vol. 11 Great Basin. p. 436.
- ^ a b "History: The Paiutes". Utah American Indian Digital Archive. Utah Department of Heritage and Arts.
- ^ a b Lynch, Robert N. (1986). "Women in Northern Paiute Politics". Signs. 11 (2): 352–366. doi:10.1086/494228. JSTOR 3174057. S2CID 143625747.