 | This article is missing information about non-CRM1 pathway (NESbase has a few unconventional ones but how do they work?). (April 2019) |
A nuclear export signal (NES) is a short target peptide containing 4 hydrophobic residues in a protein that targets it for export from the cell nucleus to the cytoplasm through the nuclear pore complex using nuclear transport. It has the opposite effect of a nuclear localization signal, which targets a protein located in the cytoplasm for import to the nucleus. The NES is recognized and bound by exportins.
NESs serve several vital cellular functions. They assist in regulating the position of proteins within the cell. Through this NESs affect transcription and several other nuclear functions that are essential to proper cell function.[1] The export of many types of RNA from the nucleus is required for proper cellular function. The NES determines what type of pathway the varying types of RNA may use to exit the nucleus and perform their function and the NESs may effect the directionality of molecules exiting the nucleus.[2]
- ^ Fukuda, Makoto; Asano, Shiro; Nakamura, Takahiro; Adachi, Makoto; Yoshida, Minoru; Yanagida, Mitsuhiro; Nishida, Eisuke (November 1997). "CRM1 is responsible for intracellular transport mediated by the nuclear export signal". Nature. 390 (6657): 308–311. Bibcode:1997Natur.390..308F. doi:10.1038/36894. ISSN 0028-0836. PMID 9384386. S2CID 4420607.
- ^ Li, Zhengguo; Kearse, Michael G.; Huang, Chuan (2019-01-02). "The nuclear export of circular RNAs is primarily defined by their length". RNA Biology. 16 (1): 1–4. doi:10.1080/15476286.2018.1557498. ISSN 1547-6286. PMC 6380329. PMID 30526278.