Nuclear family

This article is about the concept. For works using that title, see Nuclear Family.
A man, woman, and two children smiling outside of a house
An American nuclear family composed of the mother, father, and their children, c. 1955

A nuclear family (also known as an elementary family, atomic family, or conjugal family) is a family group consisting of parents and their children (one or more), typically living in one home residence. It is in contrast to a single-parent family, a larger extended family, or a family with more than two parents. Nuclear families typically center on a married couple which may have any number of children. There are differences in definition among observers. Some definitions allow only biological children who are full-blood siblings and consider adopted or half- and step-siblings a part of the immediate family, but others allow for a step-parent and any mix of dependent children, including stepchildren and adopted children. Some sociologists and anthropologists consider the extended family structure to be the most common family structure in most cultures and at most times, rather than the nuclear family.[1]

The term nuclear family was popularized in the 20th century. Since that time, the number of North American nuclear families is gradually decreasing, while the number of alternative family formations has increased.[2]

  1. ^ Georgas, James (2004). "Family and Culture". Encyclopedia of Applied Psychology. pp. 11–22. doi:10.1016/B0-12-657410-3/00412-8. ISBN 978-0-12-657410-4.
  2. ^ Aragão, Carolina; Parker, Kim; Greenwood, Shannon; Baronavski, Chris; Mandapat, John Carlo (14 September 2023). "The Modern American Family". Pew Research Center. Archived from the original on 3 October 2023.