Nuclear receptor 4A2

NR4A2
Available structures PDB Ortholog search: PDBe RCSB List of PDB id codes 1OVL
Identifiers
Aliases	NR4A2, HZF-3, NOT, NURR1, RNR1, TINUR, nuclear receptor subfamily 4 group A member 2
External IDs	OMIM: 601828; MGI: 1352456; HomoloGene: 4509; GeneCards: NR4A2; OMA:NR4A2 - orthologs
Gene location (Human) Chr. Chromosome 2 (human)[1] Band 2q24.1 Start 156,324,437 bp[1] End 156,342,348 bp[1]
Gene location (Mouse) Chr. Chromosome 2 (mouse)[2] Band 2 C1.1|2 31.66 cM Start 56,996,842 bp[2] End 57,014,015 bp[2]
RNA expression pattern Bgee Human Mouse (ortholog) Top expressed in mucosa of paranasal sinus gastric mucosa trachea spinal ganglia cartilage tissue mucosa of urinary bladder cardia seminal vesicula trigeminal ganglion tail of epididymis Top expressed in habenula ventral tegmental area parotid gland Region I of hippocampus proper substantia nigra lobe of cerebellum cerebellar vermis subiculum epithelium of stomach submandibular gland More reference expression data BioGPS More reference expression data
Gene ontology Molecular function retinoid X receptor binding protein homodimerization activity sequence-specific DNA binding beta-catenin binding DNA-binding transcription activator activity, RNA polymerase II-specific steroid hormone receptor activity RNA polymerase II transcription regulatory region sequence-specific DNA binding protein binding glucocorticoid receptor binding DNA-binding transcription factor activity zinc ion binding metal ion binding DNA binding protein heterodimerization activity nuclear receptor activity RNA polymerase II cis-regulatory region sequence-specific DNA binding DNA-binding transcription factor activity, RNA polymerase II-specific Cellular component cytoplasm nucleus nucleoplasm nuclear speck transcription regulator complex Biological process dopaminergic neuron differentiation cellular response to oxidative stress response to hypoxia response to amphetamine nervous system development neuron maturation steroid hormone mediated signaling pathway central nervous system projection neuron axonogenesis regulation of transcription, DNA-templated central nervous system neuron differentiation negative regulation of apoptotic signaling pathway cellular response to corticotropin-releasing hormone stimulus positive regulation of transcription, DNA-templated regulation of respiratory gaseous exchange regulation of dopamine metabolic process adult locomotory behavior regulation of gene expression habenula development positive regulation of catalytic activity fat cell differentiation post-embryonic development dopamine biosynthetic process transcription initiation from RNA polymerase II promoter negative regulation of neuron apoptotic process canonical Wnt signaling pathway general adaptation syndrome neuron differentiation signal transduction dopamine metabolic process transcription, DNA-templated intracellular receptor signaling pathway neuron migration negative regulation of transcription by RNA polymerase II positive regulation of transcription by RNA polymerase II cellular response to extracellular stimulus midbrain dopaminergic neuron differentiation gene expression transcription by RNA polymerase II Sources:Amigo / QuickGO
Orthologs Species Human Mouse Entrez 4929 18227 Ensembl ENSG00000153234 ENSMUSG00000026826 UniProt P43354 Q06219 RefSeq (mRNA) NM_006186 NM_173171 NM_173172 NM_173173 NM_001139509 NM_013613 RefSeq (protein) NP_006177 NP_775265 NP_006177.1 NP_001132981 NP_038641 Location (UCSC) Chr 2: 156.32 – 156.34 Mb Chr 2: 57 – 57.01 Mb PubMed search [3] [4]
Wikidata
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The nuclear receptor 4A2 (NR4A2) (nuclear receptor subfamily 4 group A member 2) also known as nuclear receptor related 1 protein (NURR1) is a protein that in humans is encoded by the NR4A2 gene.^[5] NR4A2 is a member of the nuclear receptor family of intracellular transcription factors.

NR4A2 plays a key role in the maintenance of the dopaminergic system of the brain.^[6] Mutations in this gene have been associated with disorders related to dopaminergic dysfunction, including Parkinson's disease and schizophrenia. Misregulation of this gene may be associated with rheumatoid arthritis. Four transcript variants encoding four distinct isoforms have been identified for this gene. Additional alternate splice variants may exist, but their full-length nature has not been determined.^[7]

This protein is thought to be critical to development of the dopamine phenotype in the midbrain, as mice without NR4A2 are lacking expression of this phenotype. This is further confirmed by studies showing that when forcing NR4A2 expression in naïve precursor cells, there is complete dopamine phenotype gene expression.^[8]

While NR4A2 is a key protein, there are other factors required as research shows that solely expressing NR4A2 fails to stimulate this phenotypic gene expression. One of these suggested factors is winged-helix transcription factor 2 (Foxa2). Studies have found these two factors to be within the same region of developing dopaminergic neurons, both of these factors were present in order to have expression for the dopamine phenotype. ^[8]