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The Nukkari or simple Nukkar (also Nakkari or Nakkariyah; in Latin sources named Canarii) were one of the main branches of the North African Ibadi, founded in 784 by Abu Qudama Yazid ibn Fandin al-Ifrani.[1][2] Led by Abu Yazid al-Nukkari, they revolted against the ruling Fatimids in Ifriqiya (today's Tunisia and eastern Algeria), conquering Kairouan in 944 and laying siege to Sousse, but were ultimately defeated in 947.[3] Remnants of the Nukkari are thought to have survived on the island of Djerba.[2] They split from mainstream Ibadism, i.e. the Wahbi.[4] The parent branch of Nukkari, Wahbi Ibadism, was the most mainstream of the schools of thought within Ibadism, [5] due to the fact that most preserved Ibadi texts can be attributed to Wahbi affiliated scholars.[6]
The dating of early Wahbi writings such as kutub al-rudud and siras (letters) has led some analysts such as Salim al-Harithi to claim Ibadism as the oldest sect within Islam. However others suggest Ibadism only took on characteristics of a sect and a full-fledged madhab during the demise of the Rustamid dynasty.[5] The term Wahbi is chiefly derived as an eponymous intimation to the teachings of Abdullah bin Wahb al-Rasibi. Although the term Wahbi was initially considered superfluous as Ibadism was largely homogenous, its usage increased upon the advent of the Nukkari secession in order to differentiate the Wahbis from the off-shoot Ibadis. The most common epithet Wahbi Ibadi clerics enjoined their adherents to apply to themselves is the term ahl al istiqama meaning those on the straight path. They rejected the usage of ahl al -sunnah as early usage assigned the term sunnah as the practise of Muawiyah cursing Ali ibn Abi Talib from the pulpits, although during the Umayyad era, this meaning changed.[5]
- ^ Josef van Ess, Theology and Society in the Second and Third Centuries of the Hijra., pg. 229. Brill Publishers. ISBN 9789004342026
- ^ a b Cite error: The named reference
Desk Referencewas invoked but never defined (see the help page). - ^ "Abu Yazid Khariji".
- ^ Hoffman, Valerie J. (22 May 2012). The Essentials of Ibadi Islam. Syracuse University Press. ISBN 9780815650843.
- ^ a b c Hoffman, Valerie (2012). The Essentials of Ibadi Islam. p. 19.
- ^ Abou El Fadl, Khaled (2006). Rebellion and Violence in Islamic Law. p. 308.