Nuri (rocket)

Nuri (KSLV-II)
KSLV-II Nuri launching from the Launch Pad 2 at Naro Space Center, 21 October 2021.
FunctionOrbital launch vehicle
Manufacturer
Country of originSouth Korea
Project cost 1.96 trillion; US$1.7 billion (spaceport included) [2]
Size
Height47.2 m (155 ft) [3]
Diameter3.5 m (11 ft)
Mass200,000 kg (440,000 lb)
Stages3
Capacity
Payload to LEO (200 km)
Mass3,300 kg (7,300 lb)
Payload to SSO (500 km)
Mass2,200 kg (4,900 lb)
Payload to SSO (700 km)
Mass1,900 kg (4,200 lb)[4]
Payload to GTO
Mass1,000 kg (2,200 lb)[5]
Launch history
StatusActive
Launch sitesNaro Space Center, LC-2
Total launches3
Success(es)2
Failure(s)1
Notable outcome(s)0
First flight21 October 2021, 08:00 UTC
Last flight25 May 2023, 09:24 UTC (Active)
Type of passengers/cargoDummy satellite
First stage
Height21.6 m (71 ft)
Diameter3.5 m (11 ft)
Powered by4 KRE-075 SL
Maximum thrust2,942 kN (661,000 lbf)
Specific impulse261.7 seconds (Sea level),
298.6 seconds (Vacuum)
Burn time127 seconds
PropellantJet A / LOX
Second stage
Diameter2.6 m (8 ft 6 in)
Powered by1 KRE-075 Vacuum
Maximum thrust788 kN (177,000 lbf)
Specific impulse315.4 seconds (Vacuum)
Burn time148 seconds
PropellantJet A / LOX
Third stage
Height3.5 m (11 ft)
Diameter2.6 m (8 ft 6 in)
Powered by1 KRE-007 Vacuum
Maximum thrust68.7 kN (15,400 lbf)
Specific impulse325.1 seconds (Vacuum)
Burn time498 seconds
PropellantLOX / Jet A-1

Nuri (Korean누리; Korean pronunciation: [nuriː], meaning "world" in native Korean), also known as KSLV-II (Korean Space Launch Vehicle-II),[6] is a three-stage launch vehicle, the second one developed by South Korea and the successor to Naro-1 (KSLV-1).[7] Nuri is developed by Korea Aerospace Research Institute (KARI).[8][9][3][10] All three stages use indigenously developed launch vehicle engines, making Nuri the first indigenously developed South Korean orbital launch vehicle (the Naro-1 launch vehicle used a Russian-made first stage).

The South Korean government has set SpaceX as a "role model", striving to develop relatively cheap and reliable rockets competitive enough for the commercial launch market.[11]

On 21 October 2021, Nuri made its initial orbital launch attempt at 08:00 UTC and it launched a 1,500 kg (3,300 lb) dummy satellite payload into what was planned to be a 700 km (430 mi) Sun-synchronous orbit (SSO). However, despite the payload reaching the targeted apogee (700 km), the third stage shut down about 46 seconds earlier than planned and the payload did not achieve orbital speed.[10][12][13]

Nuri made its second flight on 21 June 2022, 07:00 UTC, with a payload of 1,500 kg (3,300 lb) including a 1,300 kg (2,900 lb) dummy satellite payload and a 180 kg (400 lb) performance verification satellite (PVSAT) including four cube satellites. The second launch was successful, putting all the satellites onto the 700 km (430 mi) Sun-synchronous orbit (SSO).[14] As a result of this launch, South Korea became the seventh country in the world with the ability to put a satellite with a mass of at least one ton, into orbit.[15][16]

After the two test launches, Nuri showed higher than expected performance, increasing its payload from 1,500 kg (3,300 Ib) to 1,900 kg (4,200 Ib).[4]

Nuri is the first projectile developed with independent Korean domestic technology throughout all processes, including design, manufacturing, and testing. With its final successful launch, South Korea has become the seventh country in the world to have a medium-sized liquid-propellant rocket engine over 75 tons.[17]

  1. ^ "한국 토종 우주발사체 누리호는 300개 기업이 함께 만들고 있다". dongascience.donga.com. 25 February 2021. Retrieved 26 February 2021.
  2. ^ "과학기술정보통신부". Korean Ministry of Science and Technology Information and Communication. 19 January 2020.
  3. ^ a b "Korea Space Launch Vehicle KSLV-II". Korea Aerospace Research Institute. Archived from the original on 29 February 2016.
  4. ^ a b "누리호 탑재 중량 1.5t→1.9t으로 성능 '업'". Donga Science. 4 December 2022.
  5. ^ "2조 규모의 '차세대발사체(KSLV-III)' 개발 사업, 예타 조사 통과". sanhak=29 Nov 2022.
  6. ^ "South Korea launches first homegrown space rocket Nuri". BBC News. 21 October 2021. Retrieved 22 October 2021.
  7. ^ "[출처: 중앙일보] 설계부터 제작까지 100% 국산 로켓 내달 발사". JoongAng Ilbo. 7 September 2018.
  8. ^ "South Korea delays launch of first homegrown space rocket". Yonhap News Agency. 29 December 2020.
  9. ^ Ko, Jun-tae (7 June 2019). "Space: The final frontier, but not for much longer". Korea JoongAng Daily. Retrieved 2 October 2019.
  10. ^ a b "South Korea's KSLV-II conducts maiden launch". NASASpaceFlight.com. 21 October 2021. Retrieved 21 October 2021.
  11. ^ Kim Ayeong (22 June 2022). "다가온 '뉴 스페이스' 시대‥"민간에 누리호 기술 이전"". MBC News.
  12. ^ "South Korea test launches 1st domestically made space rocket". Ap News. 21 October 2021.
  13. ^ 이, 원주 (21 October 2021). "(3rd LD) South Korea fails to put dummy satellite into orbit". Yonhap News Agency. Retrieved 21 October 2021.
  14. ^ Cite error: The named reference sfn20220621 was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
  15. ^ "South Korea succeeds in putting satellites into orbit, 7th in world". Kyodo News. 21 June 2022.
  16. ^ "S. Korea joins elite space club as 7th member". 21 June 2022.
  17. ^ "Nuri, the Korea launch vehicle". KARI.