Occupation of Mongolia

Outer Mongolia
外蒙古
ᠭᠠᠳᠠᠭᠠᠳᠤ
ᠮᠣᠩᠭᠣᠯ
1919–1921
Coat of arms of Occupation of Mongolia
Coat of arms
Anthem: 《中華雄立宇宙間》
"China Heroically Stands in the Universe"
Map of the Republic of China (excluding the de facto independent Tibet) and its occupation of the Outer Mongolia and Uryankhay Krai regions (shown in light green).
Map of the Republic of China (excluding the de facto independent Tibet) and its occupation of the Outer Mongolia and Uryankhay Krai regions (shown in light green).
StatusMilitary occupation by the Republic of China
CapitalNiislel Khüree (now Ulaanbaatar)
Common languagesMongolian
Tuvan
Religion
Tibetan Buddhism
GovernmentDirect control from Chinaa
Bogd Khan 
History 
• Chinese troops occupy Urga
October 1919
• Chinese troops defeated at Maimachinb
March 1921
Preceded by
Succeeded by
Mongolia
Uryankhay Krai
Mongolia
Uryankhay Krai
  1. Subsequently under Baron Ungern.
  2. By White Russian forces under Ungern and subsequently by Mongolian People's Party and Russian Red Army forces.[1]

The occupation of Outer Mongolia by the Beiyang government of the Republic of China after the revocation of Outer Mongolian autonomy (Chinese: 外蒙古撤治) began in October 1919 and lasted until 18 March 1921, when Chinese troops in Urga were routed by Baron Roman von Ungern-Sternberg's White Russian (Buryats,[2] Russians etc.) and Mongolian forces.[3] These, in turn, were defeated by the Red Army and its Mongolian allies by June 1921.

Although the Beiyang government abolished the autonomy of the Bogd Khanate in Outer Mongolia and then expanded its occupation to include Uryankhay Krai (Tuva), it was unable to consolidate its rule over both regions.

  1. ^ Stephen Kotkin (6 November 2014). Stalin: Volume I: Paradoxes of Power, 1878–1928. Penguin Publishing Group. pp. 282–. ISBN 978-0-698-17010-0.
  2. ^ Willard Sunderland (9 May 2014). The Baron's Cloak: A History of the Russian Empire in War and Revolution. Cornell University Press. pp. 224–. ISBN 978-0-8014-7106-3.
  3. ^ Alfred J. Rieber (25 August 2015). Stalin and the Struggle for Supremacy in Eurasia. Cambridge University Press. pp. 83–. ISBN 978-1-316-35219-9.