Occupational safety and health

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A woman examining her work on a lathe at a factory in Britain during World War II, her eyes unprotected, a practice that today would not be permitted
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Occupational safety and health (OSH) or occupational health and safety (OHS) is a multidisciplinary field concerned with the safety, health, and welfare of people at work (i.e., while performing duties required by one's occupation). OSH is related to the fields of occupational medicine and occupational hygiene[a] and aligns with workplace health promotion initiatives. OSH also protects all the general public who may be affected by the occupational environment.[4]

According to the official estimates of the United Nations, the WHO/ILO Joint Estimate of the Work-related Burden of Disease and Injury, almost 2 million people die each year due to exposure to occupational risk factors.[5] Globally, more than 2.78 million people die annually as a result of workplace-related accidents or diseases, corresponding to one death every fifteen seconds. There are an additional 374 million non-fatal work-related injuries annually. It is estimated that the economic burden of occupational-related injury and death is nearly four per cent of the global gross domestic product each year. The human cost of this adversity is enormous.[6]

In common-law jurisdictions, employers have the common law duty (also called duty of care) to take reasonable care of the safety of their employees.[7] Statute law may, in addition, impose other general duties, introduce specific duties, and create government bodies with powers to regulate occupational safety issues. Details of this vary from jurisdiction to jurisdiction.

Prevention of workplace incidents and occupational diseases is addressed through the implementation of occupational safety and health programs at company level.[8]

  1. ^ "industrial medicine". CollinsDictionary.com. HarperCollins. Retrieved 1 March 2024.
  2. ^ "occupational medicine". CollinsDictionary.com. HarperCollins. Retrieved 1 March 2024.
  3. ^ "occupational health". CollinsDictionary.com. HarperCollins. Retrieved 1 March 2024.
  4. ^ Fanning, Fred (2003). Basic Safety Administration: A Handbook for the New Safety Specialist. Chicago, Ill.: American Society of Safety Engineers (ASSE). ISBN 978-1-885581-43-3.
  5. ^ WHO; ILO (2021). WHO/ILO Joint Estimates of the Work-related Burden of Disease and Injury, 2000-2016: Global Monitoring Report (PDF). Genève, Switzerland: World Health Organization and International Labour Organization. ISBN 978-92-4-003494-5. Archived (PDF) from the original on 1 March 2024. Retrieved 1 March 2024.
  6. ^ "Safety and Health at Work". International Labour Organization. Archived from the original on 31 July 2021. Retrieved 3 August 2021.
  7. ^ Commission for Occupational Safety and Health (November 2005). Guidance Note – General Duty of Care in Western Australian Workplaces (PDF) (Report). Perth, WA: Government of Western Australia. p. 7. ISBN 1-920836-15-2. Archived from the original (PDF) on 23 September 2015. Retrieved 15 July 2014 – via Department of Commerce (Western Australia).
  8. ^ "Health and Safety Program – General Elements" (PDF). Canadian Centre for Occupational Health and Safety (CCOHS). 16 March 2021. Archived (PDF) from the original on 5 August 2023. Retrieved 1 March 2024.


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