Oda (written: 織田 or 小田) is a Japanese surname. Notable people with the surname include:
- Nobuhide Oda (1510–1551), Japanese warlord and magistrate of lower Owari Province
- Nobunaga Oda (1534–1582), initiator of the unification of Japan under the shogunate
- Nobutada Oda (1557–1582), Japanese samurai, eldest son of Nobunaga Oda
- Nobukatsu Oda (1558–1630), Japanese samurai, second son of Nobunaga Oda
- Hidenobu Oda (1580–1605), son of Nobutada Oda
- Sakunosuke Oda (1913–1947), Japanese writer
- Ben Oda (1915–1984), Japanese-American comics letterer
- Bev Oda (born 1944), Canadian politician
- Chieko Oda (小田 千恵子, born 1947), Japanese gymnast
- Eiichirō Oda (born 1975), Japanese manga artist, author of One Piece
- Katsumi Oda (小田 勝美, born 1952), Japanese volleyball player
- Kazumasa Oda (born 1947), Japanese singer-songwriter and composer
- Kensaku Oda (小田 健作, 1888–1943), Japanese general
- Kiichi Oda (小田 喜一, 1913–1944), Japanese World War II flying ace
- Nobunari Oda (born 1987), Japanese figure skater
- Sakura Oda (born 1999), Japanese singer, member of Morning Musume
- Shigeru Oda (born 1924), Japanese jurist, judge on the International Court of Justice from 1975 to 2003
- Sophie Tamiko Oda (born 1997), American actress
- Takuro Oda (小田 卓朗, born 1992), Japanese speed skater
- Tetsuji Oda, Japanese engineer
- Tetsurō Oda (born 1958), Japanese composer, record producer, and singer-songwriter
- Tokito Oda (born 2006), Japanese wheelchair tennis player
- Yūji Oda, (born 1967), Japanese actor and singer
- Yuka Oda (小田 由香, born 1973), Japanese ice hockey player
- Yūsei Oda, (born 1969), Japanese voice actor