Odisha

This article is about the state of India. For the flowering plant, see Odisha cleistantha. For other uses, see Odisha (disambiguation).
"Orissa" redirects here. For other uses, see Orissa (disambiguation).

Odisha
State
State of Odisha
Zigzag from Top-left: Konark Sun Temple, Jagannath Temple, Deomali, Rourkela Steel Plant, Mahanadi, Simlipal National Park, Chilika Lake, Ratnagiri, Leaning Temple of Huma, Sisupalgarh
Official emblem of Odisha
Emblem of Odisha
Etymology: Land of Odias
Nickname(s): 
Soul of India
India’s Best Kept Secret
Motto: 
Satyameva Jayate (Truth alone triumphs)
Anthem: Bandē Utkaḷa Jananī[1][2]
(I Adore Thee, O Mother Utkala)

The map of India showing Odisha
Location of Odisha in India
Coordinates: 20°16′N 85°49′E / 20.27°N 85.82°E / 20.27; 85.82
CountryIndia
RegionEast India
Before wasOrissa Province
Formation1 April 1936; 88 years ago (1936-04-01)
Utkala Dibasa
CapitalBhubaneswar
Largest cityBhubaneswar
Districts30 (3 divisions)
Government
 • BodyGovernment of Odisha
 • GovernorRaghubar Das
 • Chief ministerMohan Charan Majhi (BJP)
 • Deputy chief ministerKanak Vardhan Singh Deo (BJP)
Pravati Parida (BJP)
State LegislatureUnicameral
 • AssemblyOdisha Legislative Assembly (147 seats)
National ParliamentParliament of India
 • Rajya Sabha10 seats
 • Lok Sabha21 seats
High CourtOdisha High Court
Area
 • Total
155,707 km2 (60,119 sq mi)
 • Rank8th
Dimensions
 • Length500 km (300 mi)
 • Width1,030 km (640 mi)
Elevation
[3]
900 m (3,000 ft)
Highest elevation
(Deomali[4])
1,672 m (5,486 ft)
Lowest elevation
(Bay of Bengal)
−1 m (−3 ft)
Population
 (2011)[5]
 • Total
Neutral increase 41,974,218
 • Rank11th
 • Density269/km2 (700/sq mi)
 • Urban
16.69%
 • Rural
83.31%
DemonymOdia
Language
 • Official
 • Official scriptOdia script
GDP
[8]
 • Total (2023–24)Increase₹8.65 trillion (US$100 billion)
 • Rank14th
 • Per capita₹161,437 (US$1,900) (2023-24) [7] Increase (21st)
Time zoneUTC+05:30 (IST)
ISO 3166 codeIN-OD[9]
Vehicle registrationOD[10]
HDI (2018)Increase0.649 Medium[11] (29th)
Literacy (2023)Increase 75.15%[12] (25th)
Sex ratio (2023)1063♀/1000 ♂[13] (18th)
Websiteodisha.gov.in
Symbols of Odisha
Emblem of Odisha
SongBandē Utkaḷa Jananī[1][2]
(I Adore Thee, O Mother Utkala)

Foundation dayUtkala Dibasa
BirdIndian roller[15][16]
FishMahanadi mahseer[17]
FlowerAsoka[14]
MammalSambar[14]
TreeSacred Fig[14][18]
State highway mark
State highway of Odisha
OD SH1 – OD SH57
List of Indian state symbols

Odisha (English: /əˈdɪsə/;[19] Odia: [oɽiˈsa] ⓘ), formerly Orissa (the official name until 2011),[20] is an Indian state located in Eastern India. It is the eighth-largest state by area, and the eleventh-largest by population, with over 41 million inhabitants. The state also has the third-largest population of Scheduled Tribes in India.[21] It neighbours the states of Jharkhand and West Bengal to the north, Chhattisgarh to the west, and Andhra Pradesh to the south. Odisha has a coastline of 485 kilometres (301 mi) along the Bay of Bengal in the Indian Ocean.[22] The region is also known as Utkaḷa and is mentioned by this name in India's national anthem, Jana Gana Mana.[23] The language of Odisha is Odia, which is one of the Classical languages of India.[24]

The ancient kingdom of Kalinga, which was invaded by the Mauryan Emperor Ashoka in 261 BCE resulting in the Kalinga War, coincides with the borders of modern-day Odisha.[25] The modern boundaries of Odisha were demarcated by the British Indian government, the Orissa Province was established on 1 April 1936, consisting of the Odia-speaking districts of Bihar and Orissa Province, Madras Presidency and Central Provinces.[25] Utkala Dibasa (lit. 'Odisha Day') is celebrated on 1 April.[26] Cuttack was made the capital of the region by Anantavarman Chodaganga in c. 1135,[27] after which the city was used as the capital by many rulers, through the British era until 1968. Thereafter, Bhubaneswar became the capital of Odisha.[28]

The economy of Odisha is the 15th-largest state economy in India with ₹5.86 trillion (US$70 billion) in gross domestic product and a per capita GDP of ₹127,383 (US$1,500).[8] Odisha ranks 32nd among Indian states in Human Development Index.[29]

  1. ^ "Orissa Annual Reference 2005". Archived from the original on 27 June 2012. Retrieved 9 June 2012.
  2. ^ "Odisha Review 2016" (PDF). Archived (PDF) from the original on 2 April 2018. Retrieved 1 April 2018.
  3. ^ Socio-economic Profile of Rural India (series II).: Eastern India (Orissa, Jharkhand, West Bengal, Bihar and Uttar Pradesh). Centre for Rural Studies, L.B.S. National Academy of Administration, Mussoorie. 2011. p. 73. ISBN 978-81-8069-723-4. Retrieved 16 August 2019.
  4. ^ "Deomali Peak in Koraput India". www.india9.com. Archived from the original on 24 March 2023. Retrieved 24 March 2023.
  5. ^ Cite error: The named reference CensusIndia2011PCA12018 was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
  6. ^ "Report of the Commissioner for linguistic minorities: 47th report (July 2008 to June 2010)" (PDF). Commissioner for Linguistic Minorities, Ministry of Minority Affairs, Government of India. pp. 122–126. Archived from the original (PDF) on 13 May 2012. Retrieved 16 February 2012.
  7. ^ "ODISHA Economic Survey Page 13" (PDF). ODISHA Economic Survey.
  8. ^ a b "Odisha Budget analysis". PRS India. 18 February 2020. Archived from the original on 29 October 2020. Retrieved 27 September 2020.
  9. ^ "Standard: ISO 3166 — Codes for the representation of names of countries and their subdivisions". Archived from the original on 17 June 2016. Retrieved 24 November 2023.
  10. ^ "Vehicle registration number: OD to replace OR from today". Archived from the original on 18 March 2024. Retrieved 21 June 2012.
  11. ^ "Sub-national HDI – Subnational HDI – Global Data Lab". globaldatalab.org. Archived from the original on 12 November 2020. Retrieved 17 April 2020.
  12. ^ "State of Literacy" (PDF). Census of India. p. 110. Archived (PDF) from the original on 6 July 2015. Retrieved 5 August 2015.
  13. ^ "Sex ratio of State and Union Territories of India as per National Health survey (2019–2021)". Ministry of Health and Family Welfare, India. Archived from the original on 8 January 2023. Retrieved 8 January 2023.
  14. ^ a b c Blue Jay (PDF), Orissa Review, 2005, p. 87, archived (PDF) from the original on 7 October 2019, retrieved 7 October 2019
  15. ^ "Palapitta: How a mindless dasara ritual is killing our state bird palapitta – Hyderabad News". The Times of India. 29 September 2017. Archived from the original on 2 November 2019. Retrieved 7 October 2019.
  16. ^ Blue Jay (PDF), Orissa Review, 2005, archived (PDF) from the original on 7 October 2019, retrieved 7 October 2019
  17. ^ "State Fishes of India" (PDF). National Fisheries Development Board, Government of India. Archived (PDF) from the original on 10 October 2020. Retrieved 25 December 2020.
  18. ^ Pipal(Ficus religiosa) – The State Tree of Odisha (PDF), RPRC, 2014, archived (PDF) from the original on 9 December 2020, retrieved 29 November 2020
  19. ^ "Odisha". Lexico UK English Dictionary. Oxford University Press. Archived from the original on 16 May 2021.
  20. ^ "Odisha Name Alteration Act, 2011". eGazette of India. Retrieved 23 September 2011.
  21. ^ "ST & SC Development, Minorities & Backward Classes Welfare Department:: Government of Odisha". stscodisha.gov.in. Archived from the original on 1 September 2018. Retrieved 10 December 2018.
  22. ^ "Coastal security". Odisha Police. Archived from the original on 6 February 2015. Retrieved 1 February 2015.
  23. ^ "The National Anthem of India" (PDF). Columbia University. Archived (PDF) from the original on 24 January 2012. Retrieved 1 February 2015.
  24. ^ "Cabinet approved Odia as Classical Language". 21 February 2014. Archived from the original on 25 February 2021. Retrieved 10 October 2020.
  25. ^ a b "Detail History of Orissa". Government of Odisha. Archived from the original on 12 November 2006.
  26. ^ "Utkala Dibasa hails colours, flavours of Odisha". The Times of India. 2 April 2014. Archived from the original on 8 July 2015. Retrieved 1 February 2015.
  27. ^ Rabindra Nath Chakraborty (1985). National Integration in Historical Perspective: A Cultural Regeneration in Eastern India. Mittal Publications. pp. 17–. GGKEY:CNFHULBK119. Archived from the original on 15 May 2013. Retrieved 30 November 2012.
  28. ^ Ravi Kalia (1994). Bhubaneswar: From a Temple Town to a Capital City. SIU Press. p. 23. ISBN 978-0-8093-1876-6. Archived from the original on 5 January 2016. Retrieved 2 February 2015.
  29. ^ "Sub-national HDI – Area Database". Global Data Lab. Institute for Management Research, Radboud University. Archived from the original on 23 September 2018. Retrieved 25 September 2018.