Oeconomicus

The Oeconomicus (Greek: Οἰκονομικός) by Xenophon is a Socratic dialogue principally about household management and agriculture.

Oeconomicus comes from the Ancient Greek words oikos for home or house and nemein which means management,^[1] literally translated to 'household management'. It is one of the earliest works on economics in its original sense of household management, and a significant source for the social and intellectual history of Classical Athens. Some Philologues see the work as the source of the word economy.^[2] Beyond the emphasis on household economics, the dialogue treats such topics as the qualities and relationships of men and women, rural vs. urban life, slavery, religion, and education. Though Xenophon primarily explores underlying topics such as gentlemanliness,^[3] husbandry, and gender roles through Socrates' conversations about wealth and, more specifically household management.

Joseph Epstein states that the Oeconomicus can actually be seen as a treatise on success in leading both an army and a state.^[4] Scholars lean towards a relatively late date in Xenophon's life for the composition of the Oeconomicus, perhaps after 362 BC. Cicero translated the Oeconomicus into Latin, and the work gained popularity during the Renaissance in a number of translations.