Ogilvie syndrome

Ogilvie syndrome
Other namesAcute colonic pseudo-obstruction
CT-Scan showing a coronal section of the abdomen of an elderly woman with Ogilvie syndrome
SpecialtyGastroenterology Edit this on Wikidata

Ogilvie syndrome, or acute colonic pseudo-obstruction is the acute dilatation of the colon in the absence of any mechanical obstruction in severely ill patients.[1]

Acute colonic pseudo-obstruction is characterized by massive dilatation of the cecum (diameter > 10 cm) and right colon on abdominal X-ray.[2][3] It is a type of megacolon, sometimes referred to as "acute megacolon," to distinguish it from toxic megacolon.

The condition carries the name of the British surgeon Sir William Heneage Ogilvie (1887–1971), who first reported it in 1948.[4][5][6]

Ogilvie syndrome is an acute illness, which means it occurs suddenly and temporarily, and it only affects the colon. "Intestinal pseudo-obstruction" is a broad term that refers to any paralysis of the intestines that is not caused by a mechanical obstruction. Some individuals develop chronic intestinal pseudo-obstruction as a result of a chronic disease or a congenital condition.[7]

  1. ^ Ponec RJ, Saunders MD, Kimmey MB (1999). "Neostigmine for the treatment of acute colonic pseudo-obstruction". N. Engl. J. Med. 341 (3): 137–41. doi:10.1056/NEJM199907153410301. PMID 10403850.
  2. ^ Feldman, Mark; Friedman, Lawrence S.; Sleisenger, Marvin H. (July 2002). Sleisenger & Fordtran's Gastrointestinal and Liver Disease (7th ed.). Elsevier. ISBN 978-0-7216-8973-9.
  3. ^ Pratt DS, Epstein SK (2000). "Recent advances in critical care gastroenterology". Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med. 161 (5): 1417–20. doi:10.1164/ajrccm.161.5.16159. PMID 10806132.
  4. ^ Ogilvie H (1948). "Large-intestine Colic due to Sympathetic Deprivation". Br Med J. 2 (4579): 671–673. doi:10.1136/bmj.2.4579.671. PMC 2091708. PMID 18886657. Reproduced in: Ogilvie WH (December 1987). "William Heneage Ogilvie 1887-1971. Large-intestine colic due to sympathetic deprivation. A new clinical syndrome". Dis. Colon Rectum. 30 (12): 984–7. doi:10.1007/BF02554291. PMID 3319452. S2CID 68079923.
  5. ^ Sir William Heneage Ogilvie at Who Named It?
  6. ^ Haubrich WS (2008). "Ogilvie of the Ogilvie Syndrome". Gastroenterology. 135 (2): 337. doi:10.1053/j.gastro.2008.06.071.
  7. ^ Cleveland Clinic medical professional (2023-03-08). "What Is Ogilvie Syndrome (Acute Colonic Pseudo-Obstruction)?". Cleveland Clinic. Retrieved 2024-04-15.