Oil shale reserves

Oil shale reserves refers to oil shale resources that are economically recoverable under current economic conditions and technological abilities. Oil shale deposits range from small presently economically unrecoverable to large potentially recoverable resources. Defining oil shale reserves is difficult, as the chemical composition of different oil shales, as well as their kerogen content and extraction technologies, vary significantly. The economic feasibility of oil shale extraction is highly dependent on the price of conventional oil; if the price of crude oil per barrel is less than the production price per barrel of oil shale, it is uneconomic.

As source rocks for most conventional oil reservoirs, oil shale deposits are found in all world oil provinces, although most of them are too deep to be exploited economically.[1] There are more than 600 known oil shale deposits around the world.[2][3] Although resources of oil shale occur in many countries, only 33 countries possess known deposits of possible economic value.[2][4][5]

Many deposits need more exploration to determine their potential as reserves. Well-explored deposits, which could ultimately be classified as reserves, include the Green River deposits in the western United States, the Tertiary deposits in Queensland, Australia, deposits in Sweden and Estonia, the El-Lajjun deposit in Jordan, and deposits in France, Germany, Brazil, China, and Russia. It is expected that these deposits would yield at least 40 liters (0.25 bbl) of shale oil per metric ton of shale, using the Fischer Assay.[6][7]

A 2016 conservative estimate set the total world resources of oil shale equivalent to yield of 6.05 trillion barrels (962 billion cubic metres) of shale oil, with the largest resource deposits in the United States accounting for more than 80% of the world total resource.[2] For comparison, at the same time the world's proven oil reserves are estimated to be 1.6976 trillion barrels (269.90 billion cubic metres).[8]

  1. ^ Cite error: The named reference weo2010 165 was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
  2. ^ a b c WEC (2016), p. 16
  3. ^ Francu, Juraj; Harvie, Barbra; Laenen, Ben; Siirde, Andres; Veiderma, Mihkel (May 2007). "A study on the EU oil shale industry viewed in the light of the Estonian experience. A report by EASAC to the Committee on Industry, Research and Energy of the European Parliament" (PDF). European Academies Science Advisory Council: 1–2. Retrieved 2011-05-07. {{cite journal}}: Cite journal requires |journal= (help)
  4. ^ Brendow, K. (2003). "Global oil shale issues and perspectives. Synthesis of the Symposium on Oil Shale. 18–19 November, Tallinn" (PDF). Oil Shale. A Scientific-Technical Journal. 20 (1). Estonian Academy Publishers: 81–92. doi:10.3176/oil.2003.1.09. ISSN 0208-189X. S2CID 252652047. Retrieved 21 July 2007.
  5. ^ Cite error: The named reference china was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
  6. ^ Cite error: The named reference turkey was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
  7. ^ Cite error: The named reference dyni was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
  8. ^ WEC (2016), p. 14