Oka Crisis

  • Oka Crisis
  • Kanesatake Resistance
DateJuly 11 – September 26, 1990
(2 months, 2 weeks and 1 day)
Location
Oka, Kanesatake and Kahnawake, Quebec
45°27′54″N 74°06′11″W / 45.46512°N 74.10317°W / 45.46512; -74.10317
Result

See aftermath

  • End of Mohawk blockade
  • Federal government purchased the Pines from Municipality of Oka to prevent further development.[1]
Belligerents
 Quebec Mohawk
Commanders and leaders
John de Chastelain Ellen Gabriel
Units involved

Canadian Armed Forces

Royal Canadian Mounted Police
Sûreté du Québec

Warrior Society

  • Local and non-local sympathizers
Strength

Force Mobile Command:

  • 4,500 soldiers
  • more than 1,000 vehicles[2]

RCMP:

  • Small number positioned at various barricades and patrols

Sûreté du Québec:

Non-local activists:

  • more than 2,500 activists/warriors[3]

Local activists:

  • 75–600 armed warriors (at various times; including non-locals)
  • Dozens of unarmed local activists
Casualties and losses

The Oka Crisis (French: Crise d'Oka),[8][9][10] also known as the Kanehsatà:ke Resistance (French: Résistance de Kanehsatà:ke),[1][11][12], or Mohawk Crisis, was a land dispute between a group of Mohawk people and the town of Oka, Quebec, Canada, over plans to build a golf course on land known as "The Pines" which included an indigenous burial ground. The crisis began on July 11, 1990, and lasted 78 days until September 26, with two fatalities. The dispute was the first well-publicized violent conflict between First Nations and provincial governments in the late 20th century.[13]

  1. ^ a b Marshall 2013a
  2. ^ a b "Oka Crisis, 1990". Warrior Publications. June 11, 2014.
  3. ^ Obomsawin 1993
  4. ^ Cite error: The named reference Hamilton was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
  5. ^ Cite error: The named reference prezi.com was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
  6. ^ La Crise d'Oka – 11 juillet 1990. YouTube. November 22, 2013. Archived from the original on December 21, 2021.
  7. ^ Bennett, Miller & Vandal 2020a
  8. ^ Campbell 2010a
  9. ^ "Resisting, reclaiming and reconnecting to culture". CBC Unreserved. CBC. May 15, 2016. Retrieved March 20, 2017.
  10. ^ Barrett 2015, p. 165
  11. ^ Baird 2020a
  12. ^ Ladner & Simpson 2010
  13. ^ "Oka Crisis (Kanesatake Resistance) | The Canadian Encyclopedia". www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca. Retrieved November 10, 2022.