Old Novgorod dialect

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The Old Novgorod dialect (Russian: древненовгородский диалект, romanized: drevnenovgorodskiy dialekt; also translated as Old Novgorodian or Ancient Novgorod dialect) is the Old East Slavic dialect found in birch bark writings (berestyanaya gramota). Dating from the 11th to 15th centuries,^[2] the texts were excavated in Novgorod and its surroundings. The term was introduced by Andrey Zaliznyak.

Old Novgorodian is of particular interest in that it has retained some archaic features which were lost in other Slavic dialects, such as the absence of second palatalization. Furthermore, letters provide unique evidence of the Slavic vernacular, as opposed to the Church Slavonic which dominated the written literature of the period. Most of the letters feature informal writing such as personal correspondence, instructions, complaints, news, and reminders. Such widespread usage indicates a high level of literacy, even among women and children. The preserved notes display the original spelling of the time; unlike some texts, they were not^[2] copied, rewritten or edited by later scribes.

Today, the study of Novgorodian birch bark letters is an established scholarly field in Russian historical linguistics, with far-ranging historical and archaeological implications for the study of the Russian Middle Ages.