Oliver Hazard Perry

This article is about the naval officer. For the U.S. Navy frigate class, see Oliver Hazard Perry-class frigate. For the tall ship, see SSV Oliver Hazard Perry.
Commodore Perry is not to be confused with Commodore Barry.

Commodore

Oliver Hazard Perry
A portrait of Oliver Hazard Perry in 1818 by Gilbert Stuart and Jane Stuart
Born(1785-08-23)August 23, 1785
South Kingstown, Rhode Island
DiedAugust 23, 1819(1819-08-23) (aged 34)
Trinidad
Buried
Island Cemetery, Newport, Rhode Island
Service / branchUnited States Navy
Years of service1799–1819
RankCommodore
Commands
Battles / wars
AwardsCongressional Gold Medal
Relations

Oliver Hazard Perry (August 23, 1785 – August 23, 1819) was a United States Navy officer from South Kingstown, Rhode Island. A prominent member of the Perry family naval dynasty, he was the son of Sarah Wallace Alexander and Captain Christopher Raymond Perry, and older brother of Commodore Matthew C. Perry.

Perry served in the West Indies during the Quasi War of 1798–1800 against France, in the Mediterranean during the Barbary Wars of 1801–1815, and in the Caribbean fighting piracy and the slave trade, but is most noted for his role in the War of 1812 during the 1813 Battle of Lake Erie.[1] During the war against Britain, Perry supervised the building of a fleet at Erie, Pennsylvania. He earned the title "Hero of Lake Erie" for leading American forces in a decisive naval victory at the Battle of Lake Erie, receiving a Congressional Gold Medal and the Thanks of Congress.[2][3]

His leadership materially aided the successful outcomes of all nine Lake Erie military campaign victories, and the victory was a turning point in the battle for the west in the war.[3] He is remembered for the words on his battle flag, "Don't Give Up the Ship", which was a tribute to the dying command of his colleague Captain James Lawrence of USS Chesapeake. He is also known for his message to General William Henry Harrison which reads in part, "We have met the enemy and they are ours; ..."

Perry became embroiled in a long-standing and bitter controversy with the commander of USS Niagara, Captain Jesse Elliott, over their conduct in the Battle of Lake Erie, and both were the subject of official charges. In 1815, he successfully commanded Java in the Mediterranean during the Second Barbary War. So seminal was his career that he was lionized in the press (being the subject of scores of books and articles).[4] He has been frequently memorialized, and many places, ships and persons have been named in his honor.

  1. ^ Skaggs, 2006, p. xi
  2. ^ White, 1895, p. 288
  3. ^ a b Bloom, Page essay
  4. ^ Paullin, 1918, See Bibliography