Medication to prevent nausea and vomiting
Ondansetron Trade names Zofran, others[ 1] AHFS /Drugs.com Monograph MedlinePlus a601209 License data
Pregnancy category Routes of administration By mouth , rectal , intravenous , intramuscular , thin film ATC code Legal status
Bioavailability ~60% Protein binding 70–76% Metabolism Liver (CYP3A4 , CYP1A2 , CYP2D6 )Elimination half-life 5.7 hours Excretion Kidney
(RS )-9-Methyl-3-[(2-methyl-1H -imidazol-1-yl)methyl]-2,3-dihydro-1H -carbazol-4(9H )-one
CAS Number PubChem CID IUPHAR/BPS DrugBank ChemSpider UNII KEGG ChEMBL CompTox Dashboard (EPA ) ECHA InfoCard 100.110.918 Formula C 18 H 19 N 3 O Molar mass 293.370 g·mol−1 3D model (JSmol )
O=C1c2c3ccccc3n(C)c2CCC1Cn4ccnc4C
InChI=1S/C18H19N3O/c1-12-19-9-10-21(12)11-13-7-8-16-17(18(13)22)14-5-3-4-6-15(14)20(16)2/h3-6,9-10,13H,7-8,11H2,1-2H3
Y Key:FELGMEQIXOGIFQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N
Y
(verify)
Ondansetron , sold under the brand name Zofran among others, is a medication used to prevent nausea and vomiting caused by cancer chemotherapy , radiation therapy , migraines or surgery.[ 8] It is also effective for treating gastroenteritis .[ 9] [ 10] It can be given orally (by mouth), intramuscularly (injection into a muscle), or intravenously (injection into a vein).[ 8]
Common side effects include diarrhea , constipation , headache , sleepiness , and itchiness .[ 8] Serious side effects include QT prolongation and severe allergic reaction .[ 8] It appears to be safe during pregnancy but has not been well studied in this group.[ 8] It is a serotonin 5-HT3 receptor antagonist .[ 8] It does not have any effect on dopamine receptors or muscarinic acetylcholine receptors .[ 11]
Ondansetron was patented in 1984 and approved for medical use in 1990.[ 12] It is on the World Health Organization's List of Essential Medicines .[ 13] It is available as a generic medication .[ 8] In 2022, it was the 61st most commonly prescribed medication in the United States, with more than 10 million prescriptions.[ 14] [ 15]
^ Cite error: The named reference Ondansetron international
was invoked but never defined (see the help page ).
^ "Ondansetron Use During Pregnancy" . Drugs.com . 3 October 2019. Archived from the original on 18 September 2020. Retrieved 7 September 2020 .
^ "Zofran Product and Consumer Medicine Information Licence" . TGA eBS . Archived from the original on 29 August 2022. Retrieved 28 August 2022 .
^ "Zofran Product information" . Health Canada . 25 April 2012. Archived from the original on 29 August 2022. Retrieved 28 August 2022 .
^ "Zofran Tablets 4 mg - Summary of Product Characteristics (SmPC)" . (emc) . 19 January 2022. Archived from the original on 29 August 2022. Retrieved 28 August 2022 .
^ Cite error: The named reference Zofran FDA label
was invoked but never defined (see the help page ).
^ "List of nationally authorised medicinal products : Active substance: ondansetron :Procedure no.: PSUSA/00002217/202102" (PDF) . Ema.europa.eu . Retrieved 5 March 2022 .
^ a b c d e f g "Ondansetron Hydrochloride" . The American Society of Health-System Pharmacists. Archived from the original on 3 May 2016. Retrieved 11 February 2017 .
^ Schnadower D, Finkelstein Y, Freedman SB (January 2015). "Ondansetron and probiotics in the management of pediatric acute gastroenteritis in developed countries". Current Opinion in Gastroenterology . 31 (1): 1–6. doi :10.1097/mog.0000000000000132 . PMID 25333367 . S2CID 9334264 .
^ Freedman SB, Ali S, Oleszczuk M, Gouin S, Hartling L (July 2013). "Treatment of acute gastroenteritis in children: an overview of systematic reviews of interventions commonly used in developed countries". Evidence-Based Child Health . 8 (4): 1123–37. doi :10.1002/ebch.1932 . PMID 23877938 .
^ Miloro M, ed. (2012). Peterson's principles of oral and maxillofacial surgery (3rd ed.). Shelton, CT: People's Medical Pub. House-USA. p. 86. ISBN 978-1-60795-111-7 . Archived from the original on 1 February 2016.
^ FischerJ, Ganellin CR (2006). Analogue-based Drug Discovery . John Wiley & Sons. p. 448. ISBN 9783527607495 . Archived from the original on 12 January 2023. Retrieved 25 August 2020 .
^ World Health Organization (2023). The selection and use of essential medicines 2023: web annex A: World Health Organization model list of essential medicines: 23rd list (2023) . Geneva: World Health Organization. hdl :10665/371090 . WHO/MHP/HPS/EML/2023.02.
^ "The Top 300 of 2022" . ClinCalc . Archived from the original on 30 August 2024. Retrieved 30 August 2024 .
^ "Ondansetron Drug Usage Statistics, United States, 2013 - 2022" . ClinCalc . Retrieved 30 August 2024 .