Open manufacturing

Open manufacturing, also known as open production, maker mamanufacturing or material peer production and with the slogan "Design Global, Manufacture Local" is a new model of socioeconomic production in which physical objects are produced in an open, collaborative and distributed manner[1] [2] and based on open design and open-source principles.

Open manufacturing combines the following elements of a production process: new open production tools and methods (such as 3D printers), new value-based movements (such as the maker movement), new institutions and networks for manufacturing and production (such as FabLabs), and open source methods, software and protocols.[3] [4]

Open manufacturing may also include digital modeling and fabrication and computer numeric control (CNC) of the machines used for production through open source software and open source hardware.

The philosophy of open manufacturing is close to the open-source movement, but aims at the development of physical products rather than software.[5] The term is linked to the notion of democratizing technology[6] as embodied in the maker culture, the DIY ethic, the open source appropriate technology movement, the Fablab-network and other rooms for grassroot innovation such as hackerspaces.

  1. ^ Michel Bauwens: The Emergence of Open Design and Open Manufacturing. In: We_magazine Volume 02
  2. ^ Kostakis, Vasilis; Latoufis, Kostas; Liarokapis, Minas; Bauwens, Michel (2018). "The convergence of digital commons with local manufacturing from a degrowth perspective: Two illustrative cases". Journal of Cleaner Production. 197: 1684–1693. Bibcode:2018JCPro.197.1684K. doi:10.1016/j.jclepro.2016.09.077. S2CID 43975556.
  3. ^ Ramsden, P. Making Good our Future: Exploring the New Boundaries of Open & Social Innovation in Manufacturing (PDF). Policy paper for the European Commission. p. 5.
  4. ^ Kostakis, Vasilis; Niaros, Vasilis; Dafermos, George; Bauwens, Michel (2015). "Design global, manufacture local: Exploring the contours of an emerging productive model". Futures. 73: 126–135. doi:10.1016/j.futures.2015.09.001.
  5. ^ "Open collaborative design". AdCiv. 2010-07-29. Archived from the original on 2019-06-29. Retrieved 2016-11-30.
  6. ^ Cite error: The named reference :2 was invoked but never defined (see the help page).