Operation Nemesis

For the 2015 book, see Operation Nemesis (book). For the NGO mission, see Operation Nemesis (Sea Shepherd).
Operation Nemesis
An exhibition dedicated to Operation Nemesis at the genocide museum in Yerevan, Armenia
LocationBerlin, Tiflis, Constantinople (now Istanbul), Rome
Date1920–1922[1]
TargetOttoman officials responsible for the Armenian genocide, Azerbaijani officials responsible for the 1918 massacre of Armenians in Baku
Attack type
Assassinations
PerpetratorsArmenian Revolutionary Federation
MotiveVigilante justice[2]
Revenge[3][4][5]

Operation Nemesis (Armenian: «Նեմեսիս» գործողություն, romanized: "Nemesis" gortsoghut'iun) was a program of the Armenian Revolutionary Federation to assassinate both Ottoman perpetrators of the Armenian genocide and officials of the Azerbaijan Democratic Republic most responsible for the massacre of Armenians during the September Days of 1918 in Baku. Masterminded by Shahan Natalie, Armen Garo, and Aaron Sachaklian,[6][7] it was named after the Greek goddess of divine retribution, Nemesis.[8]

Between 1920 and 1922, a clandestine cell of the Armenian Revolutionary Federation carried out seven killings, the best-known being the assassination of Talaat Pasha, the main orchestrator of the Armenian genocide, by Armenian Soghomon Tehlirian in March 1921 in Berlin.

  1. ^ Cite error: The named reference Motta was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
  2. ^ Frey, Rebecca Joyce (2009). Genocide and International Justice. New York: Infobase Publishing. p. 82. ISBN 9780816073108.
  3. ^ Reidel, James (24 April 2015). "The Epic of a Genocide". The New York Review of Books. In the years following the war, the atrocities committed against the Armenians surfaced in the news stories, some tied to the revenge shootings of Talaat Bey, Jemal Pasha, and other wartime Turkish leaders, victims of an Armenian revolutionary assassination program with the chilling name of "Operation Nemesis."
  4. ^ Totten, Samuel; Jacobs, Paul R. Bartrop (2008). Dictionary of genocide. Westport, Conn.: Greenwood Press. p. 320. ISBN 9780313346415.
  5. ^ Freedman, Jeri (2009). The Armenian genocide (1st ed.). New York: Rosen Pub. Group. p. 42. ISBN 9781404218253.
  6. ^ Eminian, Sarkis J. (2004). West of Malatia: The Boys of '26. Bloomington, IN: AuthorHouse. p. 3. ISBN 9781418412623.
  7. ^ Janbazian, Rupen (2015). "Book Review: 'Sacred Justice: The Voices and Legacy of the Armenian Operation Nemesis'". The Armenian Weekly. Retrieved 2021-05-22.
  8. ^ Newton, Michael (2014). Famous Assassinations in World History: An Encyclopedia [2 volumes]. ABC-CLIO. pp. 269–70. ISBN 978-1610692861.