 | This article possibly contains original research. The term “invasion” is currently unsourced. (February 2024) |
| Operation Ramadan | |||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Part of Iran–Iraq War | |||||||||
 Operation Ramadan, Map. Iraq in yellow. | |||||||||
| |||||||||
| Belligerents | |||||||||
 Iraq |
 Iran | ||||||||
| Commanders and leaders | |||||||||
|
Saddam Hussein Maher Abd al-Rashid |
Ruhollah Khomeini Mohsen Rezaei Ali Sayad Shirazi | ||||||||
| Strength | |||||||||
|
8 divisions 80,000-100,000 troops 700+ tanks[1][2] |
90,000-150,000 troops 300+ tanks 300 artillery pieces[3][1] | ||||||||
| Casualties and losses | |||||||||
|
5,000 killed 1,000 captured 150 tanks lost[4] |
12,000 killed 300 tanks lost[4] | ||||||||
Operation Ramadan was an Iranian offensive in the Iran–Iraq War that consisted of three separate attacks that lasted for 6 weeks.[5] It was launched by Iran on 13 July 1982 near Basra and featured the use of human wave attacks in the largest land battle since World War II. The engagement was a part of the overall stalemate.
- ^ a b c d Connell, Michael (July 2013). Iranian Operational Decision Making - Case Studies from the Iran-Iraq War (PDF). CNA Strategic Studies. Retrieved 10 February 2017.
- ^ Kenneth, Pollack. "Arabs at War: Military Effectiveness, 1948-1991". September 1, 2004. Pages 204-205.
- ^ Kenneth, Pollack. "Arabs at War: Military Effectiveness, 1948-1991". September 1, 2004. Page 204.
- ^ a b Razoux, Pierre (2015). The Iran-Iraq War. Harvard University Press, 2015. p. 225. ISBN 978-0674915718.
- ^ Gibson, Bryan R. (2010). Covert Relationship: American Foreign Policy, Intelligence, and the Iran-Iraq War, 1980–1988. Praeger. ISBN 978-0-313-38610-7. Retrieved 10 February 2017.