Operation Spectrum

Operation Spectrum
Part of the Cold War in Asia
Operational scopeOperational
Location
Commanded byInternal Security Department
Targetindividuals in alleged involvement in a communist "Marxist Conspiracy"
Date21 May 1987; 37 years ago (1987-05-21)
20 June 1987; 37 years ago (1987-06-20)
Executed byInternal Security Department
Outcome22 arrested (16 on 21 May 1987, 6 on 20 June 1987) and detained without trial under Internal Security Act

Operation Spectrum, also known as the 1987 "Marxist Conspiracy", was the code name for a covert anti-communist security operation that took place in Singapore on 21 May 1987. Sixteen people were arrested and detained without trial under Singapore's Internal Security Act (ISA) for their alleged involvement in "a Marxist conspiracy to subvert the existing social and political system in Singapore, using communist united front tactics, with a view to establishing a Marxist state."[1] On 20 June 1987, six more people were arrested, bringing the total number of detainees to 22. The mostly English-educated group was a mix of Catholic lay workers, social workers, overseas-educated graduates, theatre practitioners and professionals.[2]

According to the Singapore government allegations, Operation Spectrum was conducted to "nip communist problem(s) in the bud".[3] The mastermind behind the alleged Marxist plot was Tan Wah Piow,[4] a former University of Singapore Students' Union president who had been in de facto exile in London since 1976. His "key man" in Singapore was Vincent Cheng Kim Chuan, a full-time Catholic Church worker in the Justice and Peace Commission. Cheng's role was allegedly to use the Catholic church in Singapore as a "ready cover" to organise the infiltration of disparate groups of influence including the Law Society, the opposition Workers' Party and various student bodies. These would allegedly become pressure groups that would eventually come into open confrontation with the government.[5]

By December 1987, all the detainees had been released except for Cheng. However, in April 1988, nine of the released detainees issued a joint statement accusing the government of ill treatment and torture while under detention. They also denied involvement in any conspiracy and alleged that they were pressured into making confessions.[6] Eight of the nine were re-arrested and detained for a second time.[7] They were eventually released after they signed statutory declarations denying everything they had said in their press statement.[8]

The truth of the allegations is contentious and undetermined. Historians Mary Turnbull and Michael D. Barr have described the conspiracy as possibly "myths"[9] and a "fanciful narrative",[10] arguing that the arrests were likely politically motivated. In an interview with The Straits Times on 14 December 2001, then-Senior Minister of State Tharman Shanmugaratnam said that "although I had no access to state intelligence, from what I knew of them, most were social activists but were not out to subvert the system."[11] Nevertheless, the People's Action Party (PAP) government maintained its stand that the ex-detainees "were not detained for their political beliefs, but because they had involved themselves in subversive activities which posed a threat to national security."[12]

  1. ^ From "Grounds for Detention (Vincent Cheng)". and Teo(2010) Appendix 2 p.371.
  2. ^ "Majority are grads and professionals". The Straits Times. 27 May 1987. p. 15.
  3. ^ "Govt acted to nip communist problem in the bud, says Dhana". The Straits Times. 2 June 1987. p. 1.
  4. ^ "Wah Piow, the mastermind". The Straits Times. 27 May 1987. p. 1.
  5. ^ "How pressure groups would develop into open confrontation with Govt". 10 June 1987. p. 14.
  6. ^ "9 ex-detainees deny being involved in Marxist plot". The Straits Times. 19 April 1988. p. 37.
  7. ^ "Govt re-arrests eight former ISA detainees". The Straits Times. 20 April 1988. p. 1.
  8. ^ "Eight detainees change their story". The Straits Times. 29 April 1988. p. 1.
  9. ^ Turnbull, C. Mary (2009). A History of Modern Singapore, 1819–2005 : Revised edition (3e éd. ed.). Singapore: Singapore University Press. p. 339. ISBN 9789971694302.
  10. ^ Barr, Michael D. (1 September 2010). "Marxists in Singapore?". Critical Asian Studies. 42 (3): 335–362. doi:10.1080/14672715.2010.507389. S2CID 142678083.
  11. ^ Lysa, Hong; Jianli, Huang (2008). The scripting of a national history : Singapore and its pasts. Hong Kong: Hong Kong University Press. p. 145. ISBN 9789622098831.
  12. ^ "Ministry of Home Affairs Press Statement on ISA, 23 September 2011".