| Operation Steel Çelik Harekâtı | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Part of the Kurdish–Turkish conflict | |||||||
| |||||||
| Belligerents | |||||||
 Turkey |
 Kurdistan Workers' Party (PKK) | ||||||
| Commanders and leaders | |||||||
|
Hasan Kundakçı † |
Abdullah Öcalan | ||||||
| Strength | |||||||
| 100,000[2] | 2,400–5,000[3] | ||||||
| Casualties and losses | |||||||
|
64 killed 185 wounded[4][5] |
568 killed 13 captured[6] | ||||||
Operation Steel (Turkish: Çelik Harekâtı) was a cross-border operation by the Turkish Armed Forces into northern Iraq between 20 March and 4 May 1995 against the Kurdistan Workers' Party (PKK). The invasion of Iraqi Kurdistan was a short term military operation and ended with both sides losing heavy casualties .[7]
- ^ POPE, HUGH (5 May 1995). "Most Turkish Troops Said to Be Out of Iraq : Mideast: Ankara's army says it killed 555 Kurdish militants and lost 61 soldiers". Los Angeles Times. Retrieved 14 January 2016.
- ^ Kurds in Turkey (page 18) Archived 2011-07-16 at the Wayback Machine
- ^ Gunter, M.M. (1997). The Kurds and the Future of Turkey. Palgrave Macmillan. p. 35. ISBN 9780312172657. Retrieved 2015-04-13.
- ^ https://dergipark.org.tr/tr/download/article-file/2455739 [bare URL]
- ^ https://www.21yyte.org/assets/uploads/files/Ter%C3%B6rle%20M%C3%BCcadelede%20Verdi%C4%9Fimiz%20%C5%9Eehitler%20Tarihe%20G%C3%B6re%20S%C4%B1ral%C4%B1%281%29.pdf [bare URL PDF]
- ^ https://dergipark.org.tr/tr/download/article-file/2455739 [bare URL]
- ^ Fremont-Barnes, Gregory (5 May 2015). A History of Counterinsurgency [2 volumes]. ABC-CLIO. p. 328. ISBN 9781440804250. Retrieved 14 January 2016.