| Osteoblast | |
|---|---|
 Osteoblasts (purple) rimming a bony spicule (pink - on diagonal of image). In this routinely fixed and decalcified (bone mineral removed) tissue, the osteoblasts have retracted and are separated from each other and from their underlying matrix. In living bone, the cells are linked by tight junctions and gap junctions, and integrated with underlying osteocytes and matrix H&E stain. | |
 Illustration showing a single osteoblast | |
| Details | |
| Location | Bone |
| Function | Formation of bone tissue |
| Identifiers | |
| Greek | osteoblastus |
| MeSH | D010006 |
| TH | H2.00.03.7.00002 |
| FMA | 66780 |
| Anatomical terms of microanatomy | |
Osteoblasts (from the Greek combining forms for "bone", ὀστέο-, osteo- and βλαστάνω, blastanō "germinate") are cells with a single nucleus that synthesize bone. However, in the process of bone formation, osteoblasts function in groups of connected cells. Individual cells cannot make bone. A group of organized osteoblasts together with the bone made by a unit of cells is usually called the osteon.
Osteoblasts are specialized, terminally differentiated products of mesenchymal stem cells.[1] They synthesize dense, crosslinked collagen and specialized proteins in much smaller quantities, including osteocalcin and osteopontin, which compose the organic matrix of bone.
In organized groups of disconnected cells, osteoblasts produce hydroxyapatite, the bone mineral, that is deposited in a highly regulated manner, into the inorganic matrix forming a strong and dense mineralized tissue, the mineralized matrix. The mineralized skeleton is the main support for the bodies of air breathing vertebrates. It is also an important store of minerals for physiological homeostasis including both acid-base balance and calcium or phosphate maintenance.[2][3]
- ^ Pittenger MF, Mackay AM, Beck SC, Jaiswal RK, Douglas R, Mosca JD, Moorman MA, Simonetti DW, Craig S, Marshak DR (April 1999). "Multilineage potential of adult human mesenchymal stem cells". Science. 284 (5411): 143–7. Bibcode:1999Sci...284..143P. doi:10.1126/science.284.5411.143. PMID 10102814.
- ^ Arnett T (2003). "Regulation of bone cell function by acid-base balance". Proc Nutr Soc. 62 (2): 511–20. doi:10.1079/pns2003268. PMID 14506899.
- ^ Blair HC, Zaidi M, Huang CL, Sun L (November 2008). "The developmental basis of skeletal cell differentiation and the molecular basis of major skeletal defects". Biol Rev Camb Philos Soc. 83 (4): 401–15. doi:10.1111/j.1469-185X.2008.00048.x. PMID 18710437. S2CID 20459725.