Name | Proto-Germanic | Old English |
---|---|---|
*ĹĂžala- | ÄĂ°el | |
"heritage, estate" | ||
Shape | Elder Futhark | Futhorc |
Unicode | ᛟ U+16DF | |
Transliteration | o | Ĺ |
Transcription | o, Ĺ | Ĺ, oe, Ĺe |
IPA | [o(Ë)] | [eË], [ø(Ë)] |
Position in rune-row | 23 or 24 |
Othala (á), also known as ÄĂ°el and odal, is a rune that represents the o and Ĺ phonemes in the Elder Futhark and the Anglo-Saxon Futhorc writing systems respectively. Its name is derived from the reconstructed Proto-Germanic *ĹĂžala- "heritage; inheritance, inherited estate". As it does not occur in Younger Futhark, it disappears from the Scandinavian record around the 8th century, however its usage continued in England into the 11th century, where it was sometimes further used in manuscripts as a shorthand for the word ÄĂ°el ("homeland"), similar to how other runes were sometimes used at the time.
As with other symbols used historically in Europe such as the swastika and Celtic cross, othala has been appropriated by far-right groups such as the Nazi party and neo-Nazis, who have used it to represent ideas like Aryan heritage, a usage that is wholly modern and not attested in any ancient or medieval source. The rune also continues to be used in non-racist contexts, both in Heathenry and in wider popular culture such as the works of J.R.R. Tolkien and video games.