Out of position (crash testing)

Out of position (OOP), in crash testing and car accident medical literature, indicates a passenger position which is not the normal upright and forward-facing position.[1] For example, a common case observed in crashes is the position of an occupant when reaching for the car radio,[2] or panic braking in unbelted passengers.[3] The concept is of interest because small changes in a passenger's position can have profound effects on the actual kinematic response, especially in rear impacts, as shown both in practical testing and theoretical models.[1]

Two crash test dummies inside a Jeep Cherokee after an out-of-position side airbag test.
  1. ^ a b Stephen M. Foreman; Arthur C. Croft (2002). Whiplash Injuries: The Cervical Acceleration/Deceleration Syndrome. Lippincott Williams & Wilkins. pp. 104–. ISBN 978-0-7817-2681-8. Retrieved 8 December 2012.
  2. ^ Larry S. Nordhoff (2005). Motor Vehicle Collision Injuries: Biomechanics, Diagnosis, And Management. Jones & Bartlett Learning. pp. 513–. ISBN 978-0-7637-3335-3. Retrieved 8 December 2012.
  3. ^ Society of Automotive Engineers (1 March 2004). Air bags and belt restraints. Society of Automotive Engineers. ISBN 978-0-7680-1412-9. Retrieved 8 December 2012.