| Ovarian torsion | |
|---|---|
| Other names | Adnexal torsion[1] |
 | |
| Specialty | Gynecology |
| Symptoms | Pelvic pain[2] |
| Complications | Infertility[2] |
| Usual onset | Classically sudden[2] |
| Risk factors | Ovarian cysts, ovarian enlargement, ovarian tumors, pregnancy, tubal ligation[3][2] |
| Diagnostic method | Based on symptoms, ultrasound, CT scan[1][2] |
| Differential diagnosis | Appendicitis, kidney infection, kidney stones, ectopic pregnancy[2] |
| Treatment | Surgery[1] |
| Frequency | 6 per 100,000 women per year[2] |
Ovarian torsion (OT) or adnexal torsion is an abnormal condition where an ovary twists on its attachment to other structures, such that blood flow is decreased.[3][4] Symptoms typically include pelvic pain on one side.[2][5] While classically the pain is sudden in onset, this is not always the case.[2] Other symptoms may include nausea.[2] Complications may include infection, bleeding, or infertility.[2][5]
Risk factors include ovarian cysts, ovarian enlargement, ovarian tumors, pregnancy, fertility treatment, and prior tubal ligation.[3][2][5] The diagnosis may be supported by an ultrasound done via the vagina or CT scan, but these do not completely rule out the diagnosis.[2] Surgery is the most accurate method of diagnosis.[2]
Treatment is by surgery to either untwist and fix the ovary in place or to remove it.[2][1] The ovary will often recover, even if the condition has been present for some time.[5] In those who have had a prior ovarian torsion, there is a 10% chance the other will also be affected.[4] The diagnosis is relatively rare, affecting about 6 per 100,000 women per year.[2] While it most commonly occurs in those of reproductive age, it can occur at any age.[2]
- ^ a b c d "Adnexal Torsion". Merck Manuals Professional Edition. Retrieved 12 September 2018.
- ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q Robertson JJ, Long B, Koyfman A (April 2017). "Myths in the Evaluation and Management of Ovarian Torsion". The Journal of Emergency Medicine. 52 (4): 449–456. doi:10.1016/j.jemermed.2016.11.012. PMID 27988260.
- ^ a b c Asfour V, Varma R, Menon P (2015). "Clinical risk factors for ovarian torsion". Journal of Obstetrics and Gynaecology. 35 (7): 721–5. doi:10.3109/01443615.2015.1004524 (inactive 1 November 2024). PMID 26212687.
{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: DOI inactive as of November 2024 (link) - ^ a b Ros PR, Mortele KJ (2007). CT and MRI of the Abdomen and Pelvis: A Teaching File. Lippincott Williams & Wilkins. p. 395. ISBN 9780781772372.
- ^ a b c d Wall R (2017). Rosen's Emergency Medicine: Concepts and Clinical Practice (9 ed.). Elsevier. p. 1232. ISBN 978-0323354790.