The overseas landholdings of the Marcos family, which the Philippine government[1][2] and the United Nations System's Stolen Asset Recovery Initiative[3] consider part of the $5 billion to $13 billion "ill-gotten wealth" of Ferdinand and Imelda Marcos, are said to be distributed worldwide in places including California, Washington, New York, Rome, Vienna, Australia, Antilles, the Netherlands, Hong Kong, Switzerland and Singapore.[4]: 423 These are aside from the fifty-or-so Marcos mansions acquired by the Marcos family within the Philippines itself.[5]
The best known[4][6] of these properties are the Marcoses' multi-million dollar real estate investments in the United States,[7]: 16 particularly Imelda's purchases of buildings and real estate in New York,[8] the estates purchased in New Jersey for the use of the Marcos children,[9] Jose Yao Campos's investments in Seattle,[10] various properties in Hawaii including the Makiki Heights estate where they lived during their exile,[11] and their ownership of the California Overseas Bank in Los Angeles.[4][12] According to Ricardo Manapat's book Some Are Smarter Than Others, which was one of the earliest to document details of the Marcos wealth,[13] lesser-known properties include gold and diamond investments in South Africa, banks and hotels in Israel, and various landholdings in Austria, London, and Rome.[4]
Many of these properties are said to have been acquired under the name of several Marcos cronies.[7] One of them, Jose Yao Campos, cooperated with the Philippine government and made an immunity deal, revealing how he fronted Marcos's investments both locally and abroad via numerous interlocking shell corporations.[7][14]
- ^ "An Introduction to the Conclusion: 100 Day Report and Plan of Action, 1 October 2010 - 8 January 2011" (PDF). The Stolen Asset Recovery Initiative (StAR) Corruption Cases Database. World Bank Group and the United Nations Office of Drugs and Crime. October 2010. Archived from the original (PDF) on July 22, 2014. Retrieved August 4, 2020.
- ^ Through the Years, PCGG at 30: Recovering Integrity –A Milestone Report. Manila: Republic of the Philippines Presidential Commission on Good Government. 2016.
- ^ "World Bank, UN plan looks to return stolen loot". Reuters.Com. September 17, 2007. Retrieved June 6, 2020.
- ^ a b c d Manapat, Ricardo (1991). Some are smarter than others : the history of Marcos' crony capitalism. Aletheia Publications. ISBN 978-9719128700. OCLC 28428684.
- ^ Dumlao, Artemio (January 28, 2012). "Marcos mansions rotting". The Philippine Star. Retrieved May 4, 2018.
- ^ Viray, Patricia Lourdes. "31 Years of Amnesia: Money trail - The Marcos billions". The Philippine Star. Archived from the original on June 27, 2017. Retrieved October 15, 2021.
- ^ a b c Aquino, Belinda A. (1999). The transnational dynamics of the Marcos Plunder. University of the Philippines, National College of Public Administration and Governance. ISBN 978-9718567197. OCLC 760665486.
- ^ "How the law finally caught up with Imelda Marcos". South China Morning Post. November 17, 2018. Archived from the original on November 17, 2018. Retrieved October 15, 2021.
- ^ Linge, Mary Kay (November 9, 2019). "Imelda Marcos rises again in the Philippines — through her son Bongbong". New York Post. Retrieved November 10, 2019.
- ^ Lardner, George Jr. (March 23, 1986). "Marcos Confidant Can't Be Found". The Washington Post. ISSN 0190-8286. Retrieved October 15, 2021.
- ^ "Speculation Grows: Marcos May Stay at Luxurious Hawaii Estate". February 28, 1986. Retrieved October 15, 2021.
- ^ "Marcos Crony Agrees to Surrender L.A. Bank : Philippines: In return, the U.S. will drop charges. Prosecutors say firm was created to launder money". April 22, 1990. Retrieved October 15, 2021.
- ^ "Some Are Smarter Than Others: The History of Marcos' Crony Capitalism". Ateneo de Manila University Press. July 27, 2020. Retrieved October 15, 2021.
- ^ Russakoff, Dale (March 30, 1986). "The Philippines: Anatomy of a Looting". The Washington Post.