Owen Roe O'Neill Eoghan Ruadh Ó Néill | |
|---|---|
 Lithograph copy of a contemporary painting of O'Neill | |
| Born | c. 1585 |
| Died | 6 November 1649 (aged 63–64) Cloughoughter Castle, County Cavan, Kingdom of Ireland |
| Resting place | The Abbey, Cavan, Ireland |
| Other names | Eoghan Ruadh Ó Néill |
| Occupation(s) | Mercenary, Soldier |
| Known for | Irish General |
| Title | Commander of the Ulster Army |
| Predecessor | Sir Felim O'Neill of Kinard |
| Successor | Bishop Heber MacMahon |
| Spouse | Rosa Uí Néill |
| Parent | Art MacBaron O'Neill |
Owen Roe O'Neill (Irish: Eoghan Ruadh Ó Néill; c. 1585 – 6 November 1649) was a Gaelic Irish soldier and one of the most famous of the O'Neill dynasty of Ulster. O'Neill left Ireland at a young age and spent most of his life as a mercenary in the Spanish Army serving against the Dutch in Flanders during the Eighty Years' War. After the Irish Rebellion of 1641, O'Neill returned and took command of the Irish Confederate Ulster Army. He is known for his victory at the Battle of Benburb in 1646.
O'Neill's later years were marked by infighting amongst the Confederates, and in 1647 he led his army to seize power in the capital of Kilkenny. His troops clashed with rival forces of the Confederacy, leading to O'Neill forming a temporary alliance with Charles Coote's English Parliamentary forces in Ulster. He initially rejected a treaty of alliance between the Confederates and the Irish Royalists, but faced with the Cromwellian invasion he changed his mind. Shortly after agreeing to an alliance with the 1st Marquess of Ormond, the Lord Lieutenant of Ireland, in which he was promised an Earldom, O'Neill died on Tuesday, 6 November 1649.