Biomolecular condensates of mRNA and RNA binding proteins found in eukaryotic cells
"P-body" redirects here. For the fictional robot, see
Portal 2 .
In cellular biology , P-bodies , or processing bodies , are distinct foci formed by phase separation within the cytoplasm of a eukaryotic cell consisting of many enzymes involved in mRNA turnover .[ 1] P-bodies are highly conserved structures and have been observed in somatic cells originating from vertebrates and invertebrates , plants and yeast . To date, P-bodies have been demonstrated to play fundamental roles in general mRNA decay , nonsense-mediated mRNA decay , adenylate-uridylate-rich element mediated mRNA decay, and microRNA (miRNA) induced mRNA silencing .[ 2] Not all mRNAs which enter P-bodies are degraded, as it has been demonstrated that some mRNAs can exit P-bodies and re-initiate translation .[ 3] [ 4] Purification and sequencing of the mRNA from purified processing bodies showed that these mRNAs are largely translationally repressed upstream of translation initiation and are protected from 5' mRNA decay.[ 5]
P-bodies were originally proposed to be the sites of mRNA degradation in the cell and involved in decapping and digestion of mRNAs earmarked for destruction.[ 6] [ 7] Later work called this into question suggesting P bodies store mRNA until needed for translation.[ 8] [ 5] [ 9]
In neurons , P-bodies are moved by motor proteins in response to stimulation. This is likely tied to local translation in dendrites .[ 10]
^ Luo Y, Na Z, Slavoff SA (May 2018). "P-Bodies: Composition, Properties, and Functions" . Biochemistry . 57 (17): 2424–2431. doi :10.1021/acs.biochem.7b01162 . PMC 6296482 . PMID 29381060 .
^ Kulkarni M, Ozgur S, Stoecklin G (February 2010). "On track with P-bodies". Biochemical Society Transactions . 38 (Pt 1): 242–251. doi :10.1042/BST0380242 . PMID 20074068 .
^ Brengues M, Teixeira D, Parker R (October 2005). "Movement of eukaryotic mRNAs between polysomes and cytoplasmic processing bodies" . Science . 310 (5747): 486–489. Bibcode :2005Sci...310..486B . doi :10.1126/science.1115791 . PMC 1863069 . PMID 16141371 .
^ Bhattacharyya SN, Habermacher R, Martine U, Closs EI, Filipowicz W (June 2006). "Relief of microRNA-mediated translational repression in human cells subjected to stress" . Cell . 125 (6): 1111–1124. doi :10.1016/j.cell.2006.04.031 . PMID 16777601 . S2CID 18353167 .
^ a b Hubstenberger A, Courel M, Bénard M, Souquere S, Ernoult-Lange M, Chouaib R, et al. (October 2017). "P-Body Purification Reveals the Condensation of Repressed mRNA Regulons" . Molecular Cell . 68 (1): 144–157.e5. doi :10.1016/j.molcel.2017.09.003 . PMID 28965817 .
^ Long, Roy M.; McNally, Mark T. (2003-05-01). "mRNA Decay: X (XRN1) Marks the Spot" . Molecular Cell . 11 (5): 1126–1128. doi :10.1016/S1097-2765(03)00198-9 . ISSN 1097-2765 .
^ Sheth U, Parker R (May 2003). "Decapping and decay of messenger RNA occur in cytoplasmic processing bodies" . Science . 300 (5620): 805–808. Bibcode :2003Sci...300..805S . doi :10.1126/science.1082320 . PMC 1876714 . PMID 12730603 .
^ Brengues, Muriel; Teixeira, Daniela; Parker, Roy (2005-10-21). "Movement of Eukaryotic mRNAs Between Polysomes and Cytoplasmic Processing Bodies" . Science . 310 (5747): 486–489. doi :10.1126/science.1115791 . ISSN 0036-8075 . PMC 1863069 . PMID 16141371 .
^ Horvathova, Ivana; Voigt, Franka; Kotrys, Anna V.; Zhan, Yinxiu; Artus-Revel, Caroline G.; Eglinger, Jan; Stadler, Michael B.; Giorgetti, Luca; Chao, Jeffrey A. (2017-11-02). "The Dynamics of mRNA Turnover Revealed by Single-Molecule Imaging in Single Cells" . Molecular Cell . 68 (3): 615–625.e9. doi :10.1016/j.molcel.2017.09.030 . ISSN 1097-2765 . PMID 29056324 .
^ Cougot N, Bhattacharyya SN, Tapia-Arancibia L, Bordonné R, Filipowicz W, Bertrand E, Rage F (December 2008). "Dendrites of mammalian neurons contain specialized P-body-like structures that respond to neuronal activation" . The Journal of Neuroscience . 28 (51): 13793–13804. doi :10.1523/JNEUROSCI.4155-08.2008 . PMC 6671906 . PMID 19091970 .