P-bodies

Not to be confused with P element.
"P-body" redirects here. For the fictional robot, see Portal 2.

In cellular biology, P-bodies, or processing bodies, are distinct foci formed by phase separation within the cytoplasm of a eukaryotic cell consisting of many enzymes involved in mRNA turnover.[1] P-bodies are highly conserved structures and have been observed in somatic cells originating from vertebrates and invertebrates, plants and yeast. To date, P-bodies have been demonstrated to play fundamental roles in general mRNA decay, nonsense-mediated mRNA decay, adenylate-uridylate-rich element mediated mRNA decay, and microRNA (miRNA) induced mRNA silencing.[2] Not all mRNAs which enter P-bodies are degraded, as it has been demonstrated that some mRNAs can exit P-bodies and re-initiate translation.[3][4] Purification and sequencing of the mRNA from purified processing bodies showed that these mRNAs are largely translationally repressed upstream of translation initiation and are protected from 5' mRNA decay.[5]

P-bodies were originally proposed to be the sites of mRNA degradation in the cell and involved in decapping and digestion of mRNAs earmarked for destruction.[6][7] Later work called this into question suggesting P bodies store mRNA until needed for translation.[8][5][9]

In neurons, P-bodies are moved by motor proteins in response to stimulation. This is likely tied to local translation in dendrites.[10]

  1. ^ Luo Y, Na Z, Slavoff SA (May 2018). "P-Bodies: Composition, Properties, and Functions". Biochemistry. 57 (17): 2424–2431. doi:10.1021/acs.biochem.7b01162. PMC 6296482. PMID 29381060.
  2. ^ Kulkarni M, Ozgur S, Stoecklin G (February 2010). "On track with P-bodies". Biochemical Society Transactions. 38 (Pt 1): 242–251. doi:10.1042/BST0380242. PMID 20074068.
  3. ^ Brengues M, Teixeira D, Parker R (October 2005). "Movement of eukaryotic mRNAs between polysomes and cytoplasmic processing bodies". Science. 310 (5747): 486–489. Bibcode:2005Sci...310..486B. doi:10.1126/science.1115791. PMC 1863069. PMID 16141371.
  4. ^ Bhattacharyya SN, Habermacher R, Martine U, Closs EI, Filipowicz W (June 2006). "Relief of microRNA-mediated translational repression in human cells subjected to stress". Cell. 125 (6): 1111–1124. doi:10.1016/j.cell.2006.04.031. PMID 16777601. S2CID 18353167.
  5. ^ a b Hubstenberger A, Courel M, Bénard M, Souquere S, Ernoult-Lange M, Chouaib R, et al. (October 2017). "P-Body Purification Reveals the Condensation of Repressed mRNA Regulons". Molecular Cell. 68 (1): 144–157.e5. doi:10.1016/j.molcel.2017.09.003. PMID 28965817.
  6. ^ Long, Roy M.; McNally, Mark T. (2003-05-01). "mRNA Decay: X (XRN1) Marks the Spot". Molecular Cell. 11 (5): 1126–1128. doi:10.1016/S1097-2765(03)00198-9. ISSN 1097-2765.
  7. ^ Sheth U, Parker R (May 2003). "Decapping and decay of messenger RNA occur in cytoplasmic processing bodies". Science. 300 (5620): 805–808. Bibcode:2003Sci...300..805S. doi:10.1126/science.1082320. PMC 1876714. PMID 12730603.
  8. ^ Brengues, Muriel; Teixeira, Daniela; Parker, Roy (2005-10-21). "Movement of Eukaryotic mRNAs Between Polysomes and Cytoplasmic Processing Bodies". Science. 310 (5747): 486–489. doi:10.1126/science.1115791. ISSN 0036-8075. PMC 1863069. PMID 16141371.
  9. ^ Horvathova, Ivana; Voigt, Franka; Kotrys, Anna V.; Zhan, Yinxiu; Artus-Revel, Caroline G.; Eglinger, Jan; Stadler, Michael B.; Giorgetti, Luca; Chao, Jeffrey A. (2017-11-02). "The Dynamics of mRNA Turnover Revealed by Single-Molecule Imaging in Single Cells". Molecular Cell. 68 (3): 615–625.e9. doi:10.1016/j.molcel.2017.09.030. ISSN 1097-2765. PMID 29056324.
  10. ^ Cougot N, Bhattacharyya SN, Tapia-Arancibia L, Bordonné R, Filipowicz W, Bertrand E, Rage F (December 2008). "Dendrites of mammalian neurons contain specialized P-body-like structures that respond to neuronal activation". The Journal of Neuroscience. 28 (51): 13793–13804. doi:10.1523/JNEUROSCI.4155-08.2008. PMC 6671906. PMID 19091970.