The P.M. affair was a political scandal that occurred in Cuba in 1961. After a brief period of artistic optimism beginning in 1959, where exiled artists returned to Cuba, the banning of the film P.M. triggered a slow wave of emigration of Cuban filmmakers, who grew more frustrated with growing censorship in Cuba. The banning of the film P.M. was not a lone act of censorship which caused pessimism among filmmakers, instead, the censorship of P.M. was viewed to exemplify a growing atmosphere of artistic overwatch.[1][2][3][4]