The p53 upregulated modulator of apoptosis (PUMA) also known as Bcl-2-binding component 3 (BBC3), is a pro-apoptotic protein, member of the Bcl-2 protein family.[5][6] In humans, the Bcl-2-binding component 3 protein is encoded by the BBC3 gene.[5][6] The expression of PUMA is regulated by the tumor suppressor p53. PUMA is involved in p53-dependent and -independent apoptosis induced by a variety of signals, and is regulated by transcription factors, not by post-translational modifications. After activation, PUMA interacts with antiapoptotic Bcl-2 family members, thus freeing Bax and/or Bak which are then able to signal apoptosis to the mitochondria. Following mitochondrial dysfunction, the caspase cascade is activated ultimately leading to cell death.[7]
- ^ a b c GRCh38: Ensembl release 89: ENSG00000105327 – Ensembl, May 2017
- ^ a b c GRCm38: Ensembl release 89: ENSMUSG00000002083 – Ensembl, May 2017
- ^ "Human PubMed Reference:". National Center for Biotechnology Information, U.S. National Library of Medicine.
- ^ "Mouse PubMed Reference:". National Center for Biotechnology Information, U.S. National Library of Medicine.
- ^ a b Nakano K, Vousden KH (March 2001). "PUMA, a novel proapoptotic gene, is induced by p53". Mol. Cell. 7 (3): 683–94. doi:10.1016/S1097-2765(01)00214-3. PMID 11463392.
- ^ a b Han J, Flemington C, Houghton AB, Gu Z, Zambetti GP, Lutz RJ, Zhu L, Chittenden T (September 2001). "Expression of bbc3, a pro-apoptotic BH3-only gene, is regulated by diverse cell death and survival signals". Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 98 (20): 11318–23. Bibcode:2001PNAS...9811318H. doi:10.1073/pnas.201208798. PMC 58727. PMID 11572983.
- ^ Yu J, Zhang L (December 2008). "PUMA, a potent killer with or without p53". Oncogene. 27 (Suppl 1): S71–83. doi:10.1038/onc.2009.45. PMC 2860432. PMID 19641508.