PAPOLA

PAPOLA
Identifiers
Aliases	PAPOLA, PAP, poly(A) polymerase alpha, PAP-alpha
External IDs	OMIM: 605553; MGI: 109301; HomoloGene: 23389; GeneCards: PAPOLA; OMA:PAPOLA - orthologs
Gene location (Human)
Chr.	Chromosome 14 (human)
End	96,567,116 bp
Gene location (Mouse)
Chr.	Chromosome 12 (mouse)
End	105,805,203 bp
RNA expression pattern
	Top expressed in
	epithelium of colon; ; Epithelium of choroid plexus; ; ventricular zone; ; ganglionic eminence; ; Achilles tendon; ; mucosa of sigmoid colon; ; bone marrow cells; ; body of pancreas; ; endometrium; ; jejunal mucosa;
	Top expressed in
	genital tubercle; ; tail of embryo; ; yolk sac; ; ventricular zone; ; neural layer of retina; ; abdominal wall; ; dermis; ; islet of Langerhans; ; spermatid; ; decidua;
	More reference expression data
	; ; ; ;
	More reference expression data
Gene ontology
Molecular function	transferase activity; nucleotide binding; nucleotidyltransferase activity; manganese ion binding; metal ion binding; protein binding; RNA binding; ATP binding; magnesium ion binding; polynucleotide adenylyltransferase activity;
Cellular component	cytoplasm; nucleoplasm; nucleus;
Biological process	mRNA splicing, via spliceosome; termination of RNA polymerase II transcription; RNA 3'-end processing; mRNA processing; mRNA polyadenylation; mRNA 3'-end processing; regulation of mRNA 3'-end processing; RNA polyadenylation;
	Sources:Amigo / QuickGO
Orthologs
	10914
	18789
	ENSG00000090060
	ENSMUSG00000021111
	P51003
	Q61183
NM_001252006; NM_001252007; NM_001293627; NM_001293628; NM_001293632;
	NM_032632; NM_001363662; NM_001363664; NM_001363665; NM_001363666
	NM_011112; NM_001347440
NP_001238935; NP_001238936; NP_001280556; NP_001280557; NP_001280561;
	NP_116021; NP_001350591; NP_001350593; NP_001350594; NP_001350595
	NP_001334369; NP_035242
	Wikidata
View/Edit Human	View/Edit Mouse

Poly(A) polymerase alpha is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the PAPOLA gene.^[5]^[6]^[7]

PAPOLA binds to FIP1L1 (Factor interacting with PAPOLA and CPSF1), a subunit of the cleavage and polyadenylation specificity factor subunit 1 (CPSF1) complex. This complex polyadenylates the 3' end of precursor mRNAs (pre-mRNA) (see CPSF). CPSF1 is an RNA processing protein that binds to uracil-rich sequences in pre-mRNA, binds with and stimulates PAPOLA's Polynucleotide adenylyltransferase activity, and thereby adds adenylyl residues to pre-mRNA. This poly-adenylyl action increases pre mRNA's maturation and movement from the nucleus to cytoplasm while dramatically increasing the stability of the mRNA formed from pre-mRNA: FIP1L1 is a Pre-mRNA 3'-end-processing factor. FIP1L1 gene fusions between it and either the platelet-derived growth factor receptor, alpha (PGDFRA) or Retinoic acid receptor alpha (RARA) genes are causes of certain human diseases associated with pathologically increased levels of blood eosinophils and/or Leukemias.^[8]

^ ^a ^b ^c GRCh38: Ensembl release 89: ENSG00000090060 – Ensembl, May 2017
^ ^a ^b ^c GRCm38: Ensembl release 89: ENSMUSG00000021111 – Ensembl, May 2017
^ "Human PubMed Reference:". National Center for Biotechnology Information, U.S. National Library of Medicine.
^ "Mouse PubMed Reference:". National Center for Biotechnology Information, U.S. National Library of Medicine.
^ Thuresson AC, Astrom J, Astrom A, Gronvik KO, Virtanen A (Mar 1994). "Multiple forms of poly(A) polymerases in human cells". Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 91 (3): 979–83. Bibcode:1994PNAS...91..979T. doi:10.1073/pnas.91.3.979. PMC 521437. PMID 8302877.
^ Yamauchi T, Sugimoto J, Hatakeyama T, Asakawa S, Shimizu N, Isobe M (Sep 1999). "Assignment of the human poly(A) polymerase (PAP) gene to chromosome 14q32.1-q32.2 and isolation of a polymorphic CA repeat sequence". J Hum Genet. 44 (4): 253–5. doi:10.1007/s100380050154. PMID 10429366.
^ "Entrez Gene: PAPOLA poly(A) polymerase alpha".
^ "FIP1L1 factor interacting with PAPOLA and CPSF1 [Homo sapiens (Human)] - Gene - NCBI".

[refGRCh38Ensembl-1] GRCh38: Ensembl release 89: ENSG00000090060 – Ensembl, May 2017

[refGRCm38Ensembl-2] GRCm38: Ensembl release 89: ENSMUSG00000021111 – Ensembl, May 2017

[3] "Human PubMed Reference:". National Center for Biotechnology Information, U.S. National Library of Medicine.

[4] "Mouse PubMed Reference:". National Center for Biotechnology Information, U.S. National Library of Medicine.

[pmid8302877-5] Thuresson AC, Astrom J, Astrom A, Gronvik KO, Virtanen A (Mar 1994). "Multiple forms of poly(A) polymerases in human cells". Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 91 (3): 979–83. Bibcode:1994PNAS...91..979T. doi:10.1073/pnas.91.3.979. PMC 521437. PMID 8302877.

[pmid10429366-6] Yamauchi T, Sugimoto J, Hatakeyama T, Asakawa S, Shimizu N, Isobe M (Sep 1999). "Assignment of the human poly(A) polymerase (PAP) gene to chromosome 14q32.1-q32.2 and isolation of a polymorphic CA repeat sequence". J Hum Genet. 44 (4): 253–5. doi:10.1007/s100380050154. PMID 10429366.

[entrez-7] "Entrez Gene: PAPOLA poly(A) polymerase alpha".

[nih.gov-8] "FIP1L1 factor interacting with PAPOLA and CPSF1 [Homo sapiens (Human)] - Gene - NCBI".

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