Pentraxin-related protein PTX3 also known as TNF-inducible gene 14 protein (TSG-14) is a protein that in humans is encoded by the PTX3 gene.[5][6]
Pentraxin 3 (ptx3) is a member of the pentraxin superfamily. This super family characterized by cyclic multimeric structure.[7] PTX3 is rapidly produced and released by several cell types, in particular by mononuclear phagocytes, dendritic cells (DCs), fibroblasts and endothelial cells in response to primary inflammatory signals [e.g., toll-like receptor (TLR) engagement, TNFα, IL-1β].[8][9] PTX3 binds with high affinity to the complement component C1q, the extracellular matrix component TNFα induced protein 6 (TNFAIP6; also called TNF-stimulated gene 6, TSG-6) and selected microorganisms, including Aspergillus fumigatus and Pseudomonas aeruginosa.[10][11][12][13][14]
PTX3 activates the classical pathway of complement activation and facilitates pathogen recognition by macrophages and DCs.[9][10][12]
- ^ a b c GRCh38: Ensembl release 89: ENSG00000163661 – Ensembl, May 2017
- ^ a b c GRCm38: Ensembl release 89: ENSMUSG00000027832 – Ensembl, May 2017
- ^ "Human PubMed Reference:". National Center for Biotechnology Information, U.S. National Library of Medicine.
- ^ "Mouse PubMed Reference:". National Center for Biotechnology Information, U.S. National Library of Medicine.
- ^ Breviario F, d'Aniello EM, Golay J, Peri G, Bottazzi B, Bairoch A, Saccone S, Marzella R, Predazzi V, Rocchi M (November 1992). "Interleukin-1-inducible genes in endothelial cells. Cloning of a new gene related to C-reactive protein and serum amyloid P component". The Journal of Biological Chemistry. 267 (31): 22190–7. doi:10.1016/S0021-9258(18)41653-5. PMID 1429570.
- ^ "Entrez Gene: PTX3 Pentraxin-related gene, rapidly induced by IL-1 beta".
- ^ Emsley J, White HE, O'Hara BP, Oliva G, Srinivasan N, Tickle IJ, Blundell TL, Pepys MB, Wood SP (January 1994). "Structure of pentameric human serum amyloid P component". Nature. 367 (6461): 338–45. Bibcode:1994Natur.367..338E. doi:10.1038/367338a0. PMID 8114934. S2CID 4284282.
- ^ Wirestam L, Enocsson H, Skogh T, Eloranta ML, Rönnblom L, Sjöwall C, Wetterö J (July 2017). "Interferon-α coincides with suppressed levels of pentraxin-3 (PTX3) in systemic lupus erythematosus and regulates leucocyte PTX3 in vitro". Clinical and Experimental Immunology. 189 (1): 83–91. doi:10.1111/cei.12957. PMC 5461103. PMID 28257596.
- ^ a b Garlanda C, Bottazzi B, Bastone A, Mantovani A (2005). "Pentraxins at the crossroads between innate immunity, inflammation, matrix deposition, and female fertility". Annual Review of Immunology. 23: 337–66. doi:10.1146/annurev.immunol.23.021704.115756. PMID 15771574.
- ^ a b Diniz SN, Nomizo R, Cisalpino PS, Teixeira MM, Brown GD, Mantovani A, Gordon S, Reis LF, Dias AA (April 2004). "PTX3 function as an opsonin for the dectin-1-dependent internalization of zymosan by macrophages". Journal of Leukocyte Biology. 75 (4): 649–56. doi:10.1189/jlb.0803371. PMID 14726497. S2CID 1172342.
- ^ Bottazzi B, Vouret-Craviari V, Bastone A, De Gioia L, Matteucci C, Peri G, Spreafico F, Pausa M, D'Ettorre C, Gianazza E, Tagliabue A, Salmona M, Tedesco F, Introna M, Mantovani A (December 1997). "Multimer formation and ligand recognition by the long pentraxin PTX3. Similarities and differences with the short pentraxins C-reactive protein and serum amyloid P component". The Journal of Biological Chemistry. 272 (52): 32817–23. doi:10.1074/jbc.272.52.32817. PMID 9407058.
- ^ a b Garlanda C, Hirsch E, Bozza S, Salustri A, De Acetis M, Nota R, Maccagno A, Riva F, Bottazzi B, Peri G, Doni A, Vago L, Botto M, De Santis R, Carminati P, Siracusa G, Altruda F, Vecchi A, Romani L, Mantovani A (November 2002). "Non-redundant role of the long pentraxin PTX3 in anti-fungal innate immune response". Nature. 420 (6912): 182–6. Bibcode:2002Natur.420..182G. doi:10.1038/nature01195. PMID 12432394. S2CID 4414588.
- ^ Nauta AJ, Bottazzi B, Mantovani A, Salvatori G, Kishore U, Schwaeble WJ, Gingras AR, Tzima S, Vivanco F, Egido J, Tijsma O, Hack EC, Daha MR, Roos A (February 2003). "Biochemical and functional characterization of the interaction between pentraxin 3 and C1q". European Journal of Immunology. 33 (2): 465–73. doi:10.1002/immu.200310022. PMID 12645945. S2CID 9479617.
- ^ Salustri A, Garlanda C, Hirsch E, De Acetis M, Maccagno A, Bottazzi B, Doni A, Bastone A, Mantovani G, Beck Peccoz P, Salvatori G, Mahoney DJ, Day AJ, Siracusa G, Romani L, Mantovani A (April 2004). "PTX3 plays a key role in the organization of the cumulus oophorus extracellular matrix and in-vivo fertilization". Development. 131 (7): 1577–86. doi:10.1242/dev.01056. hdl:2434/758422. PMID 14998931.