Paenibacillus vortex

Paenibacillus vortex
Figure 1: Colony organization of the P. vortex bacteria when grown on 15g/L peptone and 2.25% (w/v) agar for four days. The bright yellow dots are the vortices. The colonies were grown in a Petri dish size 8.8cm and stained with Coomassie dyes (Brilliant Blue). The colors were inverted to emphasize higher densities using the brighter shades of yellow.
Scientific classification
Domain:
Bacteria
Phylum:
Bacillota
Class:
Bacilli
Order:
Bacillales
Family:
Paenibacillaceae
Genus:
Paenibacillus
Binomial name
Paenibacillus vortex
Synonyms
Bacillus vortex
Ash et al. 1994

Paenibacillus vortex is a species of pattern-forming bacteria, first discovered in the early 1990s by Eshel Ben-Jacob's group at Tel Aviv University.[1] It is a social microorganism that forms colonies with complex and dynamic architectures. P. vortex is mainly found in heterogeneous and complex environments, such as the rhizosphere, the soil region directly influenced by plant roots.

The genus Paenibacillus comprises facultative anaerobic, endospore-forming bacteria originally included within the genus Bacillus and then reclassified as a separate genus in 1993.[2] Bacteria in the genus have been detected in a variety of environments such as: soil, water, vegetable matter, forage and insect larvae, as well as clinical samples.[3][4][5][6] Paenibacillus spp., including P. vortex, produce extracellular enzymes that catalyze a variety of synthetic reactions in industrial, agricultural and medical applications.[7][8][9] Various Paenibacillus spp. also produce antimicrobial substances that can affect micro-organisms such as fungi, in addition to soil and plant pathogenic bacteria.[10][11][12]

  1. ^ Ben-Jacob E, Shochet O, Tenenbaum A, Avidan O (1995). Cladis PE, Palffy-Muhorey P. (eds.). "Evolution of complexity during growth of bacterial colonies". NATO Advanced Research Workshop. Santa Fe, USA: Addison-Wesley Publishing Company: 619–633.
  2. ^ Ash C, Priest FG, Collins MD: Molecular identification of rRNA group 3 bacilli (Ash, Farrow, Wallbanks and Collins) using a PCR probe test. Proposal for the creation of a new genus Paenibacillus. Antonie van Leeuwenhoek 1993, 64:253-260.
  3. ^ Lal, Sadhana; Tabacchioni, Silvia (2009). "Ecology and biotechnological potential of Paenibacillus polymyxa: a minireview". Indian Journal of Microbiology. 49 (1). Springer Science and Business Media LLC: 2–10. doi:10.1007/s12088-009-0008-y. ISSN 0046-8991. PMC 3450047. PMID 23100748.
  4. ^ McSpadden Gardener, Brian B. (2004). "Ecology of Bacillus and Paenibacillus spp. in Agricultural Systems". Phytopathology. 94 (11). Scientific Societies: 1252–1258. doi:10.1094/phyto.2004.94.11.1252. ISSN 0031-949X. PMID 18944463.
  5. ^ Montes, M. J. (2004-09-01). "Paenibacillus antarcticus sp. nov., a novel psychrotolerant organism from the Antarctic environment". International Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary Microbiology. 54 (5). Microbiology Society: 1521–1526. doi:10.1099/ijs.0.63078-0. ISSN 1466-5026. PMID 15388704.
  6. ^ Ouyang J, Pei Z, Lutwick L, Dalal S, Yang L, Cassai N, Sandhu K, Hanna B, Wieczorek RL, Bluth M, Pincus MR: Case report: Paenibacillus thiaminolyticus: a new cause of human infection, inducing bacteremia in a patient on hemodialysis. Ann Clin Lab Sci 2008, 38:393-400.
  7. ^ Konishi, J.; Maruhashi, K. (2003-09-01). "2-(2'-Hydroxyphenyl)benzene sulfinate desulfinase from the thermophilic desulfurizing bacterium Paenibacillus sp. strain A11-2: purification and characterization". Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology. 62 (4). Springer Science and Business Media LLC: 356–361. doi:10.1007/s00253-003-1331-6. ISSN 0175-7598. PMID 12743754. S2CID 7956236.
  8. ^ Raza W, Yang W, Shen QR: Paenibacillus polymyxa: Antibiotics, Hydrolytic Enzymes and Hazard Assessment. J Plant Pathol 2008, 90:419-430.
  9. ^ Watanapokasin RY, Boonyakamol A, Sukseree S, Krajarng A, Sophonnithiprasert T, Kanso S, Imai T: Hydrogen production and anaerobic decolorization of wastewater containing Reactive Blue 4 by a bacterial consortium of Salmonella subterranea and Paenibacillus polymyxa. Biodegradation 2009, 20:411-418.
  10. ^ Dijksterhuis J, Sanders M, Gorris LG, Smid EJ: Antibiosis plays a role in the context of direct interaction during antagonism of Paenibacillus polymyxa towards Fusarium oxysporum. J Appl Microbiol 1999, 86:13-21.
  11. ^ Girardin H, Albagnac C, Dargaignaratz C, Nguyen-The C, Carlin F: Antimicrobial activity of foodborne Paenibacillus and Bacillus spp. against Clostridium botulinum. J Food Prot 2002, 65:806-813.
  12. ^ von der Weid I, Alviano DS, Santos AL, Soares RM, Alviano CS, Seldin L: Antimicrobial activity of Paenibacillus peoriae strain NRRL BD-62 against a broad spectrum of phytopathogenic bacteria and fungi. J Appl Microbiol 2003, 95:1143-1151.