Military exercises are conducted by the Pakistan Armed Forces to increase combat readiness, and to identify problems in logistics, training, and current military doctrine.[1] They also test the ability of units to work together.[1] Lastly, they act as a visible expression of military might, which acts as a deterrent to potential enemy action.[2][3] An important component of each exercise is the after-action assessment.[4] Since 1989 the four branches services have increasingly begun coordinated exercises.[5][4][6]