Palatines

For the ancient Roman and medieval title, see Palatine.
Palatines
Pälzer
Historic flag of the Palatinate
Regions with significant populations
The Palatinate, Germantown, Philadelphia, New York, German Pennsylvania, Maryland
Languages
Palatine German, Pennsylvania Dutch
Religion
Roman Catholic, Lutheran, German Reformed
Related ethnic groups
Fancy Dutch, Pennsylvania Dutch, German Americans, Hessians, Maryland Palatines

Palatines (Palatine German: Pälzer) were the citizens and princes of the Palatinates, Holy Roman States that served as capitals for the Holy Roman Emperor.[1][2][3] After the fall of the Holy Roman Empire in 1806, the nationality referred more specifically to residents of the Rhenish Palatinate, known simply as "the Palatinate".[4]

American Palatines, including the Pennsylvania Dutch, have maintained a presence in the United States as early as 1632 and are collectively known as "Palatine Dutch" (Palatine German: Pälzisch Deitsche).[5][6][7] The earliest Palatines settled in the Maryland Palatinate, an American palatinate established by the Calvert family as a haven for Catholic refugees.[8][9][10]

  1. ^ Hiroshi Fukurai, Richard Krooth (2021). Original Nation Approaches to Inter-National Law: The Quest for the Rights of Indigenous Peoples and Nature in the Age of Anthropocene. Springer Nature. p. 111.
  2. ^ Matthieu Arnold (2016). John Calvin: The Strasbourg Years (1538-1541). Wipf and Stock Publishers. p. 68.
  3. ^ Sanford Hoadley Cobb (1897). The Story of the Palatines: An Episode in Colonial History. pp. 24, 26.
  4. ^ David Alff (2017). The Wreckage of Intentions: Projects in British Culture, 166-173. University of Pennsylvania Press. p. 167.
  5. ^ New York (State). Legislature. Senate (1915). Proceedings of the Senate of the State of New York on the Life, Character and Public Service of William Pierson Fiero. p. 7.
  6. ^ "Chapter Two – The History Of The German Immigration To America – The Brobst Chronicles". ancestry.com. Retrieved August 28, 2017.
  7. ^ George Reeser Prowell (1907). History of York County, Pennsylvania. Vol. 1. Cornell University. p. 133.
  8. ^ Cite error: The named reference sudiedoggettwike was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
  9. ^ Clayton Colman Hall (1902). The Lords Baltimore and the Maryland Palatinate, Six Lectures on Maryland Colonial History Delivered Before the Johns Hopkins University in the Year 1902. J. Murphy Company. p. 55.
  10. ^ David W. Guth (2017). Bridging the Chesapeake, A 'Fool Idea' That Unified Maryland. Archway Publishing. p. 426.