| Palenquero | |
|---|---|
| Native to | Colombia |
| Region | San Basilio de Palenque |
| Ethnicity | 6,637 (2018)[1] |
Native speakers | 2,788 (2005)[2] |
Spanish Creole
| |
| Latin (Spanish alphabet) | |
| Official status | |
Official language in | The Colombian constitution recognizes minority languages as "official in their territories."[3] |
| Language codes | |
| ISO 639-3 | pln |
| Glottolog | pale1260 |
| ELP | Palenquero |
| Linguasphere | 51-AAC-bc |
 Map highlighting Mahates municipality, where Palenque is located | |
Palenquero (sometimes spelled Palenkero) or Palenque (Palenquero: Lengua) is a Spanish-based creole language spoken in Colombia. It is believed to be a mixture of Kikongo (a language spoken in central Africa in the current countries of Congo, DRC, Gabon, and Angola, former member states of Kongo) and Spanish. However, there is not sufficient evidence to indicate that Palenquero is strictly the result of a two-language contact. It could also have absorbed elements of local indigenous languages.[4]
Palenquero is considered to be the only surviving Spanish-based creole language in Latin America.[5] In 2018 more than 6,600 people spoke this language.[1]
It is primarily spoken in the village of San Basilio de Palenque, which is southeast of Cartagena, and in some neighbourhoods of Barranquilla.[6]
- ^ a b DANE (6 November 2019). Población Negra, Afrocolombiana, Raizal y Palenquera: Resultados del Censo Nacional de Población y Vivienda 2018 (PDF) (in Spanish). DANE. Retrieved 2020-05-11 – via dane.gov.co.
- ^ Ministerio de Cultura (2010). Palenqueros, descendientes de la insurgencia anticolonial (PDF) (in Spanish). p. 2 – via mincultura.gov.co.
- ^ Title 1, Article 10. http://confinder.richmond.edu/admin/docs/colombia_const2.pdf Archived 2011-09-27 at the Wayback Machine
- ^ Parkvall, Mikael; Jacobs, Bart (2020). "Palenquero Origins: A Tale of More than Two Languages". Diachronica. 37 (4): 540–576. doi:10.1075/dia.19019.par. S2CID 225778990.
- ^ Romero, Simon (2007-10-18). "San Basilio de Palenque Journal - A Language, Not Quite Spanish, With African Echoes - NYTimes.com". www.nytimes.com. Retrieved 2010-02-13.
- ^ Bickerton, Derek; Escalante, Aquilas (January 1970). "Palenquero: A Spanish-based creole of northern Colombia". Lingua. 24: 254–267. doi:10.1016/0024-3841(70)90080-x. ISSN 0024-3841.