| Palmaris longus muscle | |
|---|---|
 Palmaris longus tendon as seen in surface anatomy | |
| Details | |
| Origin | Medial epicondyle of humerus (common flexor tendon) |
| Insertion | Palmar aponeurosis and flexor retinaculum of the hand |
| Artery | Ulnar artery |
| Nerve | Median nerve |
| Actions | Wrist flexor |
| Antagonist | Extensor carpi radialis brevis, extensor carpi radialis longus, extensor carpi ulnaris |
| Identifiers | |
| Latin | musculus palmaris longus |
| Greek | Μακρύς παλαμικός μυς |
| TA98 | A04.6.02.029 |
| TA2 | 2482 |
| FMA | 38462 |
| Anatomical terms of muscle | |
The palmaris longus is a muscle visible as a small tendon located between the flexor carpi radialis and the flexor carpi ulnaris, although it is not always present. Reviews report rates of absence in the general population ranging from 10–20%; however, the rate varies in different ethnic groups.[1][2][3] Absence of the palmaris longus does not have an effect on grip strength.[4] The lack of palmaris longus muscle does result in decreased pinch strength in fourth and fifth fingers. The absence of palmaris longus muscle is more prevalent in females than males.[5]
The palmaris longus muscle can be observed by touching the pads of the fourth finger and thumb and flexing the wrist. The tendon, if present, will be visible in the midline of the anterior wrist.
- ^ Sebastin SJ, Puhaindran ME, Lim AY, Lim IJ, Bee WH (October 2005). "The prevalence of absence of the palmaris longus--a study in a Chinese population and a review of the literature". Journal of Hand Surgery. 30 (5): 525–7. doi:10.1016/j.jhsb.2005.05.003. PMID 16006020. S2CID 12394636.
- ^ Yammine, Kaissar (September 2013). "Clinical prevalence of palmaris longus agenesis: A systematic review and meta‐analysis". Clinical Anatomy. 26 (6): 709–718. doi:10.1002/ca.22289.
- ^ Pękala, Przemysław A.; Henry, Brandon Michael; Pękala, Jakub R.; Skinningsrud, Bendik; Walocha, Jerzy A.; Bonczar, Mariusz; Tomaszewski, Krzysztof A. (December 2017). "Congenital absence of the palmaris longus muscle: A meta-analysis comparing cadaveric and functional studies". Journal of Plastic, Reconstructive & Aesthetic Surgery. 70 (12): 1715–1724. doi:10.1016/j.bjps.2017.08.002.
- ^ Sebastin SJ, Lim AY, Bee WH, Wong TC, Methil BV (August 2005). "Does the absence of the palmaris longus affect grip and pinch strength?". Journal of Hand Surgery. 30 (4): 406–8. doi:10.1016/j.jhsb.2005.03.011. PMID 15935531. S2CID 35394120.
- ^ Cetin, A.; Genc, M.; Sevil, S.; Coban, Y. K. (2013). "Prevalence of the palmaris longus muscle and its relationship with grip and pinch strength". Hand (New York, N.Y.). 8 (2): 215–220. doi:10.1007/s11552-013-9509-6. PMC 3652998. PMID 24426922.