Panam Ningthou

Panam Ningthou
Panam Ningthou
Igniter of the first fire and protector of crops from hailstorm and thunder
Member of Umang Lais
Major cult center	Andro, Imphal East, Manipur
Abode	Andro, Imphal East
Symbol	burning fire
Texts	Poireiton Khunthok
Gender	Male
Region	Manipur
Ethnic group	Meitei
Festivals	Chakpa Haraoba (one of the four types of Lai Haraoba festival)
Equivalents
Greek	Hephaestus, Prometheus
Roman	Vulcan

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Panam Ningthou (Meitei: ꯄꯅꯝ ꯅꯤꯡꯊꯧ) is a God in Sanamahism, the indigenous religion of Manipur. He is the protector of crops, especially rice, from hailstorms and thunder.^[2] According to legends, He ignited the first fire with flint.^[3]^[4] He is one of the Umang Lai deities.^[5]^[6]^[7]

^ Kumar, Niraj; Driem, George van; Stobdan, Phunchok (2020-11-18). Himalayan Bridge. Routledge. ISBN 978-1-000-21551-9.
^ Singh, Moirangthem Kirti (1998). Recent Researches in Oriental Indological Studies: Including Meiteilogy. Parimal Publications.
^ Constantine, R. (1981). Manipur, Maid of the Mountains. Lancers. p. 43.
^ Panchani, Chander Sheikhar (1987). Manipur, Religion, Culture, and Society. Konark Publishers. p. 73. ISBN 978-81-220-0047-4.
^ Parratt, Saroj Nalini (1980). Religion Of Manipur. Firma Klm. p. 15.
^ Devi, Lairenlakpam Bino (2002). The Lois of Manipur: Andro, Khurkhul, Phayeng and Sekmai. Mittal Publications. p. 59. ISBN 978-81-7099-849-5.
^ Mahapatra, Mary D. (2001). Tribal Religion and Rituals: Accounts of Superstition, Sorcery and Spirits. Dominant Pub. ISBN 978-81-87336-69-3.

[Himalayan_Bridge-1] Kumar, Niraj; Driem, George van; Stobdan, Phunchok (2020-11-18). Himalayan Bridge. Routledge. ISBN 978-1-000-21551-9.

[2] Singh, Moirangthem Kirti (1998). Recent Researches in Oriental Indological Studies: Including Meiteilogy. Parimal Publications.

[:3-3] Constantine, R. (1981). Manipur, Maid of the Mountains. Lancers. p. 43.

[:4-4] Panchani, Chander Sheikhar (1987). Manipur, Religion, Culture, and Society. Konark Publishers. p. 73. ISBN 978-81-220-0047-4.

[parratt-5] Parratt, Saroj Nalini (1980). Religion Of Manipur. Firma Klm. p. 15.

[6] Devi, Lairenlakpam Bino (2002). The Lois of Manipur: Andro, Khurkhul, Phayeng and Sekmai. Mittal Publications. p. 59. ISBN 978-81-7099-849-5.

[7] Mahapatra, Mary D. (2001). Tribal Religion and Rituals: Accounts of Superstition, Sorcery and Spirits. Dominant Pub. ISBN 978-81-87336-69-3.

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