Panglima (archaic form: penglima, Jawi: ڤڠليم) a military title used in Indonesia and Malaysia, and historically in the Philippines. It means 'a commander of a body of troops' deriving from lima, a long-obsolete word for 'hand'.[1][2] In the past it is used to call some prominent military leaders in Malay world. The prominent Malacca and succeeding Johore Sultanates place the position of a penglima as below that of a menteri.[3] Walter William Skeat writes that Semang tribes north of Malay Peninsula are often headed by shamans (belian) also titled pelima.[4]
In modern times it is reserved for the chiefs of the armed forces of Indonesia and Malaysia and some other posts.
A Bendahara is styled Paduka Sri Maha Raja because these four words are attributes of royalty. From them come the titles of all the Mantris, whether of the Four, the Eight, the Sixteen or the Thirty-two...None below the Sixteen rank as Mantris, e.g. those bearing the titles Tun, Sang, Hulubalang, Penglima, Penghulu, Ni, Kueng, and Tandil.