| Panthoibi | |
|---|---|
Goddess of civilization, courage, fertility, handicraft, love, victory, warfare and wisdom Deified Meitei princess of Ningthouja dynasty[1] Queen of the Nongmaiching Mountains | |
| Member of Lairembis and Umang Lais | |
 Panthoibi riding her white horse, as described in the Panthoibi Khonggul. | |
| Other names |
|
| Affiliation | Meitei mythology (Manipuri mythology) and Meitei religion (Sanamahism) |
| Major cult center | Nongmaiching Hill (alias Selloi Langmai Hill) |
| Abode | Nongmaiching Hill (alias Selloi Langmai Hill) |
| Weapons | Spear and Sword |
| Artifacts | Kajenglei |
| Animals | white horse or tiger |
| Symbol | Kajenglei |
| Mount | white horse or tiger |
| Texts | |
| Gender | female |
| Region | Ancient Kangleipak (early Manipur)[2] |
| Ethnic group | Meitei ethnicity |
| Festivals | |
| Parents | Namungbi (mother) |
| Consorts | Tarang Khoinucha and Nongpok Ningthou |
| Equivalents | |
| Etruscan | Menrva, Turan |
| Greek | Athena, Aphrodite |
| Hindu | Durga[3] |
| Roman | Minerva, Venus |
| Egyptian | Neith, Hathor and Isis |
| Chinese | Jiutian Xuannü |
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| Meitei mythology |
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 Myths portal |
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Panthoibi (Meitei: ꯄꯥꯟꯊꯣꯏꯕꯤ, romanized: Paanthoibee, Old Manipuri: ꯄꯥꯟꯊꯣꯢꯄꯤ, romanized: Panthoipi), also known as Nongpok Leima (Meitei for 'Queen of the East'), is a goddess associated with civilization, courage, fertility, handicraft, love, victory, warfare and wisdom in the mythology and religion of Ancient Kangleipak (early Manipur).[4][5][6][7][8] She is a consort of the God Nongpok Ningthou.[4] She is considered to be one of the divine incarnations of Leimarel Sidabi and is also identified as a form of Goddess Nongthang Leima.[9] She is worshipped mainly by the Meitei people in Manipur, Assam, Tripura, Bangladesh and Myanmar.[10][11]
The personality of Panthoibi and other Meitei goddesses like Emoinu and Phouoibi depict as well as influence the courage, independence, righteousness and social honour of Meitei women.[12]
- ^ Singh, Ch Manihar (1996). A History of Manipuri Literature (in English and Manipuri). Sahitya Akademi. p. 103. ISBN 978-81-260-0086-9.
- ^ Singh, T. S. P. (2018-05-31). Apology. Partridge Publishing. p. 7. ISBN 978-1-5437-0188-3.
- ^ "Panthoibi celebrations under way". www.telegraphindia.com. Retrieved 2022-06-13.
- ^ a b Jain, Jyotindra (1998). Other Masters: Five Contemporary Folk and Tribal Artists of India. Crafts Museum and the Handicrafts and Handlooms Exports Corporation of India.
- ^ Parratt, Saroj Nalini (1997). The Pleasing of the Gods: Meitei Lai Haraoba. Vikas Publishing House. ISBN 978-81-259-0416-8.
- ^ Session, North East India History Association (2001). Proceedings of North East India History Association. The Association.
- ^ Singh, R. K. Jhalajit (1992). A Short History of Manipur. R.K. Jhalajit Singh.
- ^ Social Movements in Contemporary India - Page 98 - Bidyut Chakrabarty, Shibani Kinkar Chaube · 1999
- ^ "Incarnations of Goddess Nongthang Leima by James Oinam". e-pao.net.
- ^ "Manipuri in Myanmar 4". www.e-pao.net. Retrieved 2023-04-05.
Though some of the Manipuri-Kates of Nandawsae became Buddhists, they still practise the tradition of paying obeisance to Nongpok Ningthou (male deity) and Panthoibi (female deity).
- ^ "Panthoibi celebrations under way". telegraphindia.com.
- ^ Kipgen, Tingneichong G. (2010). Women's Role in the 20th Century Manipur: A Historical Study. Gyan Publishing House. ISBN 978-81-7835-803-1.