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The papal tiara is a crown that is worn by popes of the Catholic Church from as early as the 8th century to the mid–20th century. It was last used by Pope Paul VI in 1963, and only at the beginning of his reign.
The name tiara refers to the entire headpiece, including the various crowns, circlets, and diadems that have adorned it through the ages,[1][2] while the three-tiered form that it took in the 14th century is also called the triregnum[3][4] or the triple crown,[5] and sometimes as the triple tiara.[6][7][8]
From 1143 to 1963, the papal tiara was solemnly placed on the pope's head during a papal coronation. The surviving papal tiaras are all in the triple form, the oldest from 1572. A representation of the triregnum combined with two crossed keys of Saint Peter is used as a symbol of the papacy and appears on papal documents, buildings and insignia, and on the flag of Vatican City. Actual use of the papal tiara has declined since the reign of Pope Paul VI, the last pope to have a coronation ceremony. Starting with Joseph Ratzinger, popes have also stopped incorporating a papal tiara into their Coat of Arms.
- ^ Joseph Braun, "Tiara" in The Catholic Encyclopedia. Vol. 14. New York: Robert Appleton Company, 1912
- ^ "tiara – papal dress". Encyclopædia Britannica. 25 January 2024.
- ^ John-Peter Pham, Heirs of the Fisherman (Oxford University Press 2004 ISBN 978-0-19-534635-0), p. 310
- ^ Meredith P. Lillich, Rainbow Like an Emerald (Penn State Press 1991 ISBN 978-0-271-00702-1), p. 96
- ^ "Homily for Inauguration for Pontificate", section 4 name=JPII
- ^ Charles L. Stinger, The Renaissance in Rome (Indiana University Press 1998 ISBN 978-0-253-21208-5), p. 64
- ^ Clara Erskine Clement Waters, Saints in Art (Nova Publishers 2004 ISBN 978-1-59033-037-1), p. 31
- ^ Frank J. Coppa, Politics and the Papacy in the Modern World (ABC-CLIO 2008 ISBN 978-0-313-08048-7), p. 1