| Parākramabāhu the Great | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| King of Polonnaruwa | |||||
 | |||||
| Reign | 1153–1186 | ||||
| Coronation | 1153 | ||||
| Predecessor | Manabharana of Ruhuna | ||||
| Successor | Vijayabâhu II | ||||
| Born | 1123 Punkhagama, Dakkhinadesa | ||||
| Died | 1186 (aged 62–63) Polonnaruwa | ||||
| Spouse | Queen Leelawathi
Queen Rupawathi Queen Subhadra | ||||
| |||||
| House | House of Vijayabahu | ||||
| Dynasty | Arya[note 1] | ||||
| Father | Prince Manabharana of Dakkhinadesa | ||||
| Mother | Princess Ratnavali | ||||
| Religion | Theravada Buddhism | ||||
Parākramabāhu I (Sinhala: මහා පරාක්රමබාහු, c. 1123–1186),[2] or Parakramabahu the Great, was the king of Polonnaruwa from 1153 to 1186. He oversaw the expansion and beautification of his capital,[3]: 7 constructed extensive irrigation systems, reorganised the country's army, reformed Buddhist practices, encouraged the arts and undertook military campaigns in South India and Burma.[4]: 160 The adage, "Not even a drop of water that comes from the rain must flow into the ocean without being made useful to man" is one of his most famous utterances."[5]
In 1140, Parakramabahu following the death of his uncle, Kitti Sri Megha, Prince of Dakkinadesa, ascended the throne of Dakkhinadesa. Over the next decade, improved both Dakkhinadesi infrastructure and military. Following a protracted civil war, he secured power over the entire island around 1153 and remained in this position until his death in 1186. During Parākramabāhu's reign, he launched a punitive campaign against the kings of Burma, aided the Pandyan dynasty against the Chola dynasty in southern India and maintained extensive trade relations with China, Angkor, and countries in the Middle East.[6][7] Within the island, he consecrated religious monuments, built hospitals, social welfare units, canals and large reservoirs, such as the Sea of Parakrama, but also banned the advanced practices and books of Mahayana Buddhism.
- ^ Ancient City of Polonnaruva. Ceylon: Purāvidyā Depārtamēntuva.
- ^ Datta, p. 220.
- ^ Agrawal, O. P.; Wickramasinghe, Nanda. Materials & Techniques of Ancient Wall Paintings of Sri Lanka.
- ^ Daniel George Edward Hall. History of South East Asia.
- ^ The Economist: 322, (7740-7752). 1992. Economist Newspaper Limited.
- ^ Hall (2010), p. 224
- ^ Kenneth Hall, "Economic History of Early South Asia", in Nicholas Tarling (ed), The Cambridge History of South East Asia, Vol. I, Cambridge 1994
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